12.1 Mechanisms of Evolution

Question 1

natural selection

Answer 1

mutations causes new traits in individuals, individuals survive and reproduce if traits increases fitness, individuals die if trait decreases fitness

Question 2

genetic drift

Answer 2

evolution due to chance events

Question 3

fitness

Answer 3

amount of fertile offspring/descendants an organism has

Question 4

differential reproduction

Answer 4

some individuals have more offspring than others in a population

Question 5

adaptation

Answer 5

trait passed on through the germline through inheritance, not acquired during lifetime

Question 6

five fingers of evolution: pinky

Answer 6

small populations are more likely to be affected by chance events (genetic drift)

Question 7

five fingers of evolution: ring

Answer 7

non-random mating

Question 8

five fingers of evolution: middle

Answer 8

mutation

Question 9

five fingers of evolution: pointer

Answer 9

movement (gene flow)

Question 10

five fingers of evolution: thumb

Answer 10

natural selection

Question 11

natural selection vs genetic drift

Answer 11

natural selection: adaptive change
genetic drift: random change
both: change in allele frequency