Hops

Question 1

Lupulin glands

Answer 1

Part of the hop containing the bitter resins (bittering) and essential oils (aroma).
-Alpha acids comprise 2-18% of the hop cone

Question 2

Isomerization

Answer 2

Occurs using heat during wort production, no chemical catalyst required

Question 3

Pre-isomerization

Answer 3

Occurs outside the brewery using heat and magnesium or potassium salt in an alkali solution, yes chemical catalyst required

Question 4

Hop extract

Answer 4

Extracted components from hop pellets:
-alpha acids
-essentil oils
-some polyphenols
Typically used for bittering, less for aroma (added at the start of the boil)

Question 5

Isomerized Pellets

Answer 5

Treated in a heat chamber with a chemical catalyst, increases hop utilization from ~30% to 65%.
-Pre isomerized pellets can be added later in the boil and in lower quantities