Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Respiratory Pharmacology > Test 3: Details of Drugs > Flashcards

Test 3: Details of Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

non-steroidal anti-asthma medications are used for:

A

to prevent and control asthma symptoms… they reduce daytime symptoms and night time awakenings and decrease the need for beta agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

indications for non-steroidal anti-asthma medications:

A
  • prophylactic management of asthma
  • alternative to inhaled steroids
  • combination with inhaled steroids to reduce steroid dose
  • controller rather than reliever
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are leukotrienes?

A

potent bronchoconstrictors that are activated by the IgE allergic reaction and responsible for CysLTs, that occur when mast cells degranulate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

____ and ____ are known for their role allergy and inflammation in asthma

A

eosinophils, basophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

mode of action for zafirlukast (accolate) and montelukast (singulair)

A

blocks the leukotrienes (cystLTs) from attaching to CysLT1 leukotriene receptor therefore preventing bronchospasm, secretion of mucus, and vascular permeability allowing airway inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

mode of action for zileuton (zyflo)

A

inhibits 5-LO enzyme that causes formation of leukotrienes from arachidonic acid. prevents bronchospasm and inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how are leukotriene modifier / antileukotrienes taken?

A

taken orally (enteral = by mouth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

mode of action for omalizumab (Xolair)

A

man-made DNA-dervived humanized antibody that binds to IgE; inhibits attachment of IgE to mast cells and basophils, reducing release of chemical mediators of allergic response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

mode of action for benralizumab (faserna) mepolizumab (nucala) relizumab (cinqiar)

A

blocks IL-5, which is pro-inflammatory cytokine responsible for producing, activating, and migration of eosinophils; therefore reducing eosinophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how are monoclonal antibody taken?

A

taken parenterally = IV or subcutaneous injection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

mode of action for cromolyn sodium (Intal)

A

inhibits release of histamine and leukotrienes from mast cells, (aka mast cell stabilizer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

mode of action for nedocromil (Tilade)

A

mast cell stabilizer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

adverse effects for zileuton (zyflo)

A
  • headache
  • liver enzyme elevation
  • unspecific pain
  • dyspepsia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

adverse effects of zafirlukast (accolate)

A
  • headache
  • infection
  • nausea
  • possible liver enzyme changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

adverse effects for montelukast (singulair)

A
  • headache
  • influenza
  • abdominal pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

adverse effects for monoclonal antibody

A
  • injection site reaction
  • viral infection
  • respiratory tract infection
  • headache
  • sinusitis
  • pharyngitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

adverse effects for mast cell stabilizer

A
  • cough/dry mouth
  • sore throat
  • bad taste in mouth
  • headache
  • nausea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

systemic route (oral or IV) of transmission is preferred for what class of drugs?

A

aerosolized anti-infective agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is pentamidine isethionate (NebuPent) used for?

A

has been used in past for treatment of opportunistic pneumonia caused by pneumocystis jiroveci, which is causative agent of pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

mode of action for pentamidine isethionate (NebuPent)

A
  • antiprotozoal agent
  • exact mode of action is unknown
  • studies suggest that pentamidine interferes with metabolism by block RNA and DNA synthesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

side/adverse effects of aerosolized pentamidine isethionate (NebuPent)

A
  • cough - bad or metallic taste
  • bronchial irritation - pharyngitis
  • bronchospasm - conjunctivitis
  • wheezing - rash
  • SOB - chest pain
  • fatigue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

systemic side effects of inhaled pentamidine

A
  • decreased appetite/nausea - pancreatitis
  • dizziness - hypoglycemia
  • night sweats/chills
  • spontaneous pneumothorax
  • neutropenia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

to ensure the protection of healthcare clinicians when giving these drugs, they must use

A

nebulizer using a negative pressure room or booth and ensure personnel barrier protection

24
Q

Respiragard II nebulizer is what kind of nebulizer system

A

a nebulizer system with a one way valve and expiratory filters to reduce environmental contaminiation

25
Q

Indications of ribavirin (virazole)

A
  • patients hospitalized with RSV (Respiratory syncytial virus)
  • lower respiratory tract infection
  • complicated congenital heart disease
  • bronchopulmonary dysplasia, CF, other chronic lung condition
  • premature infants
  • immunodeficiency/ recent transplant or chemotherapy
26
Q

mode of action for ribavirin (virazole)

A
  • not completely understood
  • used to stop viral RNA synthesis and viral mRNA capping
  • prevents construction and shedding of viable viral particles
27
Q

dosage and administration of ribavirin (virazole)

A

dosage: 20mg/mL of 2% solution
administration: SPAG (tent, hood, mechanical ventilator)

28
Q

side effects of ribavirin (virazole)

A
  • deterioration of pulmonary function
  • skin irritation/ rash
  • eyelid erythema/conjunctivitis with aerosol administration
  • equipment malfunctions from drug precipitate
29
Q

environmental contamination with aerosolized ribavirin (virazole)

A
  • potential for mutagenic and carcinogenic effects
  • teratogenic and embrocidal (pregnant patients and practitioners should not be exposed)
  • exposure to ribavirin in health care workers
30
Q

indication for inhaled tobramycin (TOBI)

A

intended to manage chronic infection with P. aeruginsoa in patients with CF

31
Q

side effects of inhaled tobramycin (TOBI)

A

voice alteration and tinnitus
- side effects increase if patient is on other antibiotics taken via IV

32
Q

mode of action for tobramycin (TOBI)

A
  • bactericidal against gram NEGATIVE organisms
  • blocks protein synthesis in the bacteria and causes cellular death
33
Q

administration of inhaled TOBI

A
  • SMV
  • cannot be mixed with other solutions
  • should be inhaled after other treatment
  • healthcare worker exposure should be minimized
  • pretreat with bronchodilator
  • drug incompatibility
34
Q

what drug do you need to refrigerate

A

tobramycin

35
Q

side effects of systemic TOBI

A
  • ototoxicity - hypomagnesemia
  • loss of hearing - allergic reactions
  • vertigo - fetal harm
  • nausea - deafness
  • nephrotoxicity
  • neruomuscular blockade
  • worsening of neuromuscular disorder
36
Q

mode of action for inhaled aztreonam (cayston)

A

synthetic bactercidal antibiotic

37
Q

what does inhaled aztreonam treat

A

treats pulmonary symptoms in patients with CF dealing with P.aeruginosa infections

38
Q

what type of system is used for inhaled aztreonam

A

aerosolized using the alteration nebulizer system

39
Q

adverse effects for inhaled aztreonam (cayston)

A
  • bronchospasm
  • decreased FEVI
40
Q

indications for inhaled zanamivir (relenza) (DPI)

A

treatment of uncomplicated influenza illness in adults, during the early onset of infection

41
Q

mode of action for zanamivir (relenza)

A
  • neuraminidase inhibitor
  • binds with and blocks the enzymes action
  • inhibits virus particle seperation
  • prevents virus release from infected cells
42
Q

adverse effects of zanamivir (relenza)

A
  • bronchospasm
  • deterioration of lung function
  • under treament of bacterial infection
  • not effective against bacterial infection that may exhibit flu-like symptoms
  • look for reactions such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, cough, dizziness, and headaches
43
Q

indications for inhaled pulmonary vasodilators

A
  • pulmonary hypertension caused by: COPD, and corpulmonale, acute hypoxemia seen in ARDS or shock, premature babies
44
Q

Nitric Oxide indications

A
  • treatment of neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPH)
  • relaxes vascular smooth muscle in pulmonary vasculature
  • when inhaled, produces pulmonary vasodilation, reducing pulmonary artery pressure and improving V/Q mismatching
45
Q

adverse/ side effects of nitric oxide

A
  • hypotension is most common side effect
  • rebound pulmonary hypertension and hypoxemia
  • toxic NO2; nitrous and nitric acid; you can prevent this by decrease contact time and concentration of gas
  • methemoglobinemia
46
Q

dosage for nitric oxide

A

to increase PaO2 = 1-2 ppm
to decrease pulmonary artery pressures = 10-40 ppm

47
Q

indications for iloprost (ventavis)

A

used in treatment of pulmonary hypertension

48
Q

how is Iloprost administered

A

with I-neb nebulizer

49
Q

mode of action for iloprost (ventavis)

A

acts by dilating pulmonary vasculature and affect platelet aggregation

50
Q

Side effects of iloprost (ventavis)

A
  • headaches
  • increased cough
    other side effects secondary to the vasodilatory properties of iloprost
  • syncope
  • pulmonary edema
51
Q

mode of action for treprostinil (tyvaso)

A

prostacyclin analogue that causes vasodilation of pulmonary and systemic arterial vascular beds and inhibits platelet aggregation

52
Q

indications for treprostinil (tyvaso)

A

indicated for treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension to increase walking distance in patients with New York heart association calls III symptoms

53
Q

administration of Treprostinil (tyvaso)

A

Tyvaso inhalation system

54
Q

what is neublized flonlan used for

A
  • used in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension to provide selective pulmonary vasodilation and improve arterial oxygenation
  • temporary management of adult patients with ARDS or mild to moderate pulmonary hypertension that is unresponsive to conventional therapy
55
Q

contradictions of flolan (epoprostenol)

A

do not use flown with patients who have congestive heart failure (CHF) with severe left ventricular failure

56
Q

Application of Flolan

A
  • via mechanical ventilator
  • infusion pump
  • mini heart low flow nebulizer
  • IV extension set
57
Q

Which drug should not be discontinued abruptly to avoid potential increase in PAP and/or worsening of oxygenation

A

Flolan (epoprostenol)

Respiratory Pharmacology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions