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Community And Wellness > Obesity Across the Lifespan > Flashcards

Obesity Across the Lifespan Flashcards

1
Q

What is the screening tool for overweight or obesity?

A

BMI (body mass index)

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2
Q

What is the BMI?

A

Correlates with body fatness
*IS NOT a direct measure of body fatness

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3
Q

What is the equation for BMI?

A

Weight (kg)/ Height^2 (m^2)

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4
Q

What is underweight?

A

BMI<18.5

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5
Q

What is normal weight?

A

BMI 18.5-24.9

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6
Q

What is overweight?

A

BMI 25-29.9

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7
Q

What is obesity I

A

BMI 30-34.9

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8
Q

What is obesity II

A

BMI 35-39.9

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9
Q

What is obesity III

A

BMI>40

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10
Q

What is the definition of appreciate component of assessement communication?

A

Appreciate how difficult it is for most to manage weight

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11
Q

What is the definition of assess component of assessment communication?

A

Assess, behavioral risks and factors affecting choice of goals or methods

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12
Q

What is the definition of advise component of assessment communication?

A

Advise clear, specific, and personalized behavior change advice, including personal harms and benefits

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13
Q

What is the definition of agree component for assessment communication

A

Collaboration-select appropriate treatment goals based on interest and willingness to change

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14
Q

What is the definition of assist component for assessment communication

A

Using behavior change techniques

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15
Q

What is a high waist circumference for men and women?

A

> 40in for men
35in for women

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16
Q

What does increasing BMI correlate with?

A

Increased risk of CA

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17
Q

What categorizes binge eating disorder?

A

3 or more: eating faster than normal, eating until uncomfortably full, eating to excess even though not hungry, eating alone

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18
Q

How does the DSM-5 define binge eating?

A

Recurrent episodes of binge eating at least 1x/ week for 3 months

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19
Q

How is BMI defined for children?

A

BMI is age and sex specific
*BMI for age

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20
Q

What are the categories of BMI for children?

A

Underweight: less than the 5th percentile
Normal or healthy weight: 5th percentile to less than 84th
Overweight: 85th to less than 94th
Obese: 95th or greater

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21
Q

How much screen time does the AAP recommend for children?

A

<2 =none
2-5=max 1 hour a day

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22
Q

What is the strongest predictor of future diabetes?

A

Weight gain from ages 2 to 12

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23
Q

What percentage of weight loss is sufficient for clinically relevant improvements?

A

5-10%

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24
Q

What is a good goal for weight loss

A

1-2lbs per week

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25
Q

What does 1lbs of fat equal to calories?

A

3,500 calories

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26
Q

What is a strong predictor of weight loss maintenance?

A

Increasing energy expenditure through physical activity

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27
Q

How many minutes of moderate-intensity PA should someone get?

A

150 mins

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28
Q

How many minutes of vigorous-intensity exercise should someone get?

A

75 mins

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29
Q

How many times is weight resistance recommended

A

2x per week

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30
Q

When should you considered pharmacotherapy

A

BMI> 30kg/m2 OR
BMI of 27 to 29.9 with weight related comorbidities
Who have not met weight loss goals with a comprehensive lifestyle intervention

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31
Q

What are weight loss medications?

A

Liraglutide (saxenda)
Semaglutide (Wegovy)
Orlistat (Ali OTC)

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32
Q

Who would be a good candidate for Semaglutide (Wegovy) and Liraglutide (Saxenda)

A

Type 2 DM, Cardiovascular disease, inadequate meal satiety
*Beneficial for glycemic and weight loss

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33
Q

What is the MOA of Orlistat (Ali OTC)

A

Alters fat digestion by inhibiting pancreatic lipases

34
Q

What are the AE of Orlistat (Al)

A

Fecal urgency, oily stool, flats with discharge, fecal incontinence

35
Q

Who would be a good candidate for Orlistat (Ali)

A

Benefits with glycemic, lipids, and blood pressure

36
Q

What is the schedule for phentermine?

A

Schedule IV
*short term 3 months

37
Q

Who should avoid taking phentermine?

A

Avoid in patients with heart disease, poorly controlled HTN, pulmonary hypertension, or history of addiction or drug abuse

38
Q

Who would be a good candidate for phentermine/ topiramate (Qsymia)?

A

Men/women without HTN or coronary heart disease

39
Q

What is the recommended tapering schedule for Qsymia

A

Taper of dose over at least one week is recommended upon discontinuation

40
Q

What is the MOA of Naltrexone/Bupropion?

A

Bupropion-dopamine reuptake inhibitor

41
Q

Who would be a good candidate for naltrexone/ burpropion?

A

Addictive behavior related to food
Patients desiring to quit smoking
Reduce alcohol intake
Concomitant depression

42
Q

What is the BLACK BOX warning of Naltrexone/ Bupropion?

A

Suicidal thought and behavior and neuropsychiatric reactions

43
Q

What is the most effective treatment for obesity?

A

Weight loss surgery
*BMI>40 or BMI>35 plus one or more obesity related complication

44
Q

What is a sleeve gastrectomy?

A

Removing 70% of the stomach
*Pyloric sphincter and the small intestine remain intact
*Ghrelin is removed
*Not reversible

45
Q

What is the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

A

Attaches a small pouch created from the proximal stomach to the jejunum
*Bypassing the remainder of the stomach

46
Q

What is the laparoscopic adjustable gastric band?

A

Inflatable device placed around the fundus of the stomach to create a small pouch

47
Q

What is the recommended daily amount of food from each group?d

A

Vegetables: 2 1/2
Fruits: 2C
Grains: 6oz
Dairy: 3C
Protein foods: 51/2oz
Oils: 27g

48
Q

What are the limits of added sugars?

A

<10% of calories per day

49
Q

What are the limits of saturated fat?

A

<10% of calories per day

50
Q

What are the limits of sodium?

A

2,300mg per day

51
Q

What are the limits of alcoholic beverages?

A

Men: 2 drinks or less a day
Women: 1 drink or less a day

52
Q

What type of formula should infants be fed?

A

Iron-fortified
*During the first year
*also vitamin D

53
Q

How many calories should a 12-23 month eat a day?

A

700-1000

54
Q

As we age do we need more or less calories?

A

Less

55
Q

With each trimester do you need more or less calories?

A

More

56
Q

When should pregnant women take folic acid?

A

400mcg/day
*one month before conception

57
Q

What are the special nutritional considerations for pregnancy?

A

Seafood (8-12oz, avoid shark, swordfish, king mackerel)
Caffeine (300mg or less, 2-3 cups)
Cook deli meats and hot dogs to 165F

58
Q

What are the Healthy results of BMI?

A

BMI<24.9

59
Q

What are the Healthy results of waist circumference?

A

Women<35in
men<40 in

60
Q

What are the Healthy results of Fasting blood sugar?

A

<110mg/dl

61
Q

What are the Healthy results of Total Cholesterol?

A

<199mg/dl

62
Q

What are the Healthy results of LDL?

A

<100mg/dl

63
Q

What are the Healthy results of HDL?

A

> 41mg/dL

64
Q

What are the Healthy results of triglycerides?

A

<150mg/dl

65
Q

What is the definition of Physical Activity?

A

Any sustained body movement that increases energy expenditure

66
Q

What is exercise?

A

subcategory of PA, that is planned, purposeful, and repeated

67
Q

What is an insufficiently active person?

A

<150 mins of moderate-intensity or <75 mins of vigorous-intensity

68
Q

What is relative intensity?

A

The level of effort required for a person to do an activity taking into consideration individual exercise capacity
*Talk Test

69
Q

What is absolute intensity?

A

Amount of energy expended during the activity without considering a person cardio respiratory fitness

70
Q

What is a MET?

A

Rate of energy expenditure while sitting a rest

71
Q

What is Light-intensity activity?

A

Less than 3.0METS (walking slow)

72
Q

What is moderate-intensity activity?

A

3.0 to 5.9 METS (brisk walking)

73
Q

What is vigorous-intensity activity?

A

6.0 METS or more (jogging, running)

74
Q

What is the target heart rate for moderate-intensity?

A

50-70% of MHR

75
Q

How to solve for MHR?

A

220-age

76
Q

What is the target heart for vigorous-intensity?

A

70-80% of MHR

77
Q

What are the guidelines for exercise ages 6-17?

A

60 mins or more of moderate-to-vigorous PA daily

78
Q

What are the guideline for exercise for adults?

A

150-300 min a week of moderate-intensity OR
75-150 min a week of vigorous-intensity
Weigh training: 2 or more days

79
Q

What are the guideline of exercise for older adults?

A

multi component PA that include balance training as well as aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities
*Be as physically active as able

80
Q

How many fall prevention programs sessions should older adults go to?

A

3 a week

81
Q

What should pregnant women and postpartum women avoid doing?

A

Lying on back,
Risk of falling exercises

82
Q

What are the exercise guidelines for chronic conditions and disabilities?

A

Same guidelines as adults (150-300 min/wk MI OR 75-150 VI)

Community And Wellness (39 decks)

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