1.2 Organelles

Question 1

Cytoplasm Structure, Function and Location

Answer 1

GELATINE LIKE FLUID

CONTAINS SALTS, MINERALS, ORGANIC MOLECULES, ENZYMES. LOCATION FOR CERTAIN REACTIONS. SURROUNDS THE ORGANELLES.

THROUGHOUT THE CELL, INSIDE THE CELL MEMBRANE.

Question 2

What is the protoplasm?

Answer 2

ALL SUBSTANCES WITHIN THE CELL (CYTOPLASM + NUCLEUS)

Question 3

What are chromosomes?

Answer 3

GENETIC MATERIAL LOCATED WITHIN THE NUCLEUS

Question 4

Plasma (cell) Membrane Structure and Function

Answer 4

SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER.

SEPARATES THE INTERNAL CONTENTS OF THE CELL FROM THE OUTSIDE, PROVIDES STRUCTURE AND PROTECTION FOR THE CELL, CONTROLS MOVEMENT OF MOST MATERIALS IN AND OUT OF THE CELL. (SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE)

Question 5

What are organelles?

Answer 5

ORGANELLES ARE STRUCTURES
FOUND IN THE CYTOPLASM OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS THAT HAVE
DIFFERENT JOBS WITHIN THE CELL, SOME ORGANELLES ARE
FOUND IN BOTH PLANT AND
ANIMAL CELLS BUT SOME
ARE ONLY IN ONE.

Question 6

Nucleus structure, function, and location

Answer 6

SURROUNDED BY A DOUBLE MEMBRANE WITH NUCLEAR PORES

INVOLVED IN CELL REPLICATION CONTAINS DNA.
UNCOILED CHROMOSOMES ARE REFERRED TO AS CHROMATIN.

CENTER OF THE CELL IN ANIMAL CELLS.

Question 7

Nucleolus structure, function and location

Answer 7

COMPOSED OF PROTEIN AND RNA

FORMS RIBOSOMES AND RIBOSOMAL RNA AND DNA

CENTER OF THE NUCLEUS

Question 8

Mitochondrion structure, function and location

Answer 8

BOUND BY A DOUBLE MEMBRANE, CRISTAE ARE THE FOLDS OF THE INNER, MEMBRANE TO INCREASE THE SURFACE AREA, THE MATRIX IS THE INNER PART HAS DNA

POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL (CELLULAR RESPIRATION OCCURS HERE TO RELEASE ENERGY (ATP) FOR THE CELL)
IF FAT IS USED AS A SOURCE FOR ENERGY, IT IS DIGESTED HERE.

FOUND IN THE CYTOPLASM

Question 9

Free ribosomes structure, function and location

Answer 9

80S RIBOSOMES ARE LARGER (20 UM DIAMETER) THAN PROKARYOTIC RIBOSOMES. NO MEMBRANE. 2 PARTS.

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS (EX. ENZYMES)

FLOATING FREE IN CYTOPLASM. APPEAR AS DARK GRANULES.

Question 10

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) structure, function and location

Answer 10

SERIES OF FLATTENED MEMBRANE-BOUND SACS CALLED CISTERNAE.

INTRACELLULAR PATH ALONG WHICH MOLECULES MOVE FROM ONE PART OF THE CELL TO ANOTHER.

OFTEN CONNECTED TO NUCLEAR MEMBRANE AND CLOSE TO THE CELL MEMBRANE

Question 11

What is the difference between “Rough ER” and “Smooth ER”

Answer 11

ROUGH ER: STUDDED WITH RIBOSOMES; IT MAKES & TRANSPORTS PROTEINS BY VESICLES TO THE GOLGI APPARATUS FOR MODIFICATION BEFORE SECRETION OUTSIDE OF THE CELL.

SMOOTH ER: NO RIBOSOMES; IT MAKES & TRANSPORTS LIPIDS (WE ARE NOT STUDYING THIS STRUCTURE)

Question 12

Golgi Apparatus structure, function and location

Answer 12

FLATTENED MEMBRANE SACS CALLED CISTERNAE. NO ATTACHED RIBOSOMES.

STORES, MODIFIES AND PACKAGES PROTEINS FROM THE RER. PACKAGED IN VESICLES FOR SECRETION OUTSIDE OF THE CELL.

CLOSE TO CELL MEMBRANE

Question 13

Vesicles structure, function and location

Answer 13

A SINGLE MEMBRANE WITH FLUID INSIDE. VERY SMALL

USED TO TRANSPORT MATERIALS INSIDE THE CELL.

THROUGHOUT THE CYTOPLASM

Question 14

Lysosomes structure, function and location

Answer 14

SPHERICAL WITH A SINGLE MEMBRANE. FORMED FROM GOLGI VESICLES.

CONTAIN DIGESTIVE ENZYMES THAT BREAK DOWN FOOD, DAMAGED ORGANELLES, AND THE CELL ITSELF.

FOUND IN CYTOPLASM HIGH CONCENTRATION

Question 15

Vacuoles structures, functions and locations

Answer 15

SINGLE MEMBRANE CONTAINING FLUID

STORAGE CONTAINER FOR WATER, FOOD,
ENZYMES, WASTES, PIGMENTS, ETC.

LARGE CENTRAL VACUOLE USUALLY IN THE CENTER OF PLANT CELLS, MANY SMALLER VACUOLES IN CYTOPLASM OF ANIMAL CELLS

Question 16

Cytoskeleton structure, function and location

Answer 16

NETWORK OF THIN FIBROUS PARTS INCLUDING MICROFILAMENTS (THREADS MADE OF ACTIN) AND MICROTUBULES (HOLLOW TUBES)

SUPPORT FOR ORGANELLES AND MAINTAINS CELL SHAPE.

THROUGHOUT THE CELL

Question 17

Microtubules structure, function and location

Answer 17

ROD-LIKE, HOLLOW PROTEIN TUBES

HELP IN CELL DIVISION. MAKE UP THE FLAGELLA.

PART OF THE CYTOSKELETON IN CYTOPLASM

Question 18

Centrioles structure, function and location

Answer 18

2 SHORT, CYLINDRICAL TUBES
NINE SETS OF THREE MICROTUBULES

AID IN CELL DIVISION AND INVOLVED IN FORMATION OF CILIA AND FLAGELLA

NEAR THE POLES (ENDS OF THE ANIMAL CELL) NOT FOUND IN VASCULAR PLANTS OR FUNGI

Question 19

Flagellum (Flagella) structure, function and location

Answer 19

TAIL-LIKE FLEXIBLE PROJECTION CONTAINING MICROTUBULES

USED FOR MOVEMENT OF THE CELL

ATTACHED TO CELL
MEMBRANE. *ANIMAL CELLS ONLY

Question 20

Cilia structure, function and location

Answer 20

SHORT, CYLINDRICAL PROJECTIONS THAT CONTAIN MICROTUBULES

BEAT TO CREATE MOVEMENT FOR THE CELL OR TO PROPEL FOOD INTO AN ORGANISM

FOUND AROUND OUTSIDE OF CELL MEMBRANE. *ANIMAL CELLS ONLY.

Question 21

Organelles found in animal cells

Answer 21

Plasma membrane, mitochondrion, centriole, vacuole, cytoplasm, smooth ER, rough ER, lysosomes, nucleus ; (nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin, nuclear pores), ribosomes, golgi complex, microfilaments, microtubules

Question 22

Plastids structure, function and location

Answer 22

SPHERICAL SHAPE. 3 TYPES IN PLANT CELLS

CHLOROPLASTS –(NEXT CARD)

CHROMOPLASTS – SYNTHESIZE AND STORE
PIGMENTS.

LEUCOPLASTS – STORE STARCHES, LIPIDS AND PROTEINS

Question 23

Chloroplasts structure, function and location

Answer 23

DISC SHAPED WITH A DOUBLE MEMBRANE. INSIDE ARE STACKS OF THYLAKOIDS (FLATTENED MEMBRANE DISCS), CONTAINS THE GREEN PIGMENT CHLOROPHYLL

SITE OF GLUCOSE PRODUCTION DURING PHOTOSYNTHESIS

CYTOPLASM OF MOST PLANT CELLS

Question 24

Cell wall structure, function and location

Answer 24

RIGID, PROTECTIVE BARRIER MADE OF CELLULOSE

ADDS STRENGTH AND STRUCTURE TO THE CELL. PERMEABLE, AND HARD TO DIGEST (LASTS A LONG TIME)

SURROUNDS THE CELL MEMBRANE IN PLANT CELLS, FUNGI, SOME PROTISTS, AND SOME BACTERIAL CELLS

Question 25

Animal cells VS. Plant cells

Answer 25

Animal cells are very similar to plant cells except for the following major differences:

Animal cells do not contain chloroplasts, Animal cells are not surrounded by cell walls, The vacuoles in plants are much larger than those of
animals, Centrioles are in animal cells but not plant cells, Could also compare their shape