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Biopsych > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Rene Descartes contributions (2)

A
  1. gave the idea of creating a model of the nervous system

2. first to suggest link between mind and body (body controlled by hydraulic system; pineal body)

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2
Q

Galvani contributions (2)

A
  1. found that muscles respond to electrical stimuli

2. Disproved Descartes hydraulic system

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3
Q

Gall and Spurzheim contributions

A
  1. Phrenology

2. specific areas of the brain house specific fcns

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4
Q

Mueller contributions

A
  1. doctrine of specific nerve energies
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5
Q

doctrine of specific nerve energies

A

all nerve fibers carry the sane type of message, sensory info must be specified by nerve fibers activated.

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6
Q

Flourens contributions

A

experimental ablation

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7
Q

experimental ablation

A

purposeful destruction of parts of the brain & observing behavior affected after

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8
Q

Fritsch & Hitzig contributions

A

demonstrated contralaterality in motor strip by stimulating dog’s cortex

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9
Q

Darwin contributions

A
  1. Functionalism
  2. Natural Selection
  3. mutations
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10
Q

functionalism

A

all behaviors have an evolutionary fcn

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11
Q

Natural selection

A

selective advantage becomes more prominent in a population

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12
Q

mutations

A

change in genetic info that can be passed onto offspring; only a small % are advtg.

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13
Q

Contralaterality (definition & what senses are contralateral)

A

Hemisphere controls opp side of body. (ie left hemi controls right hand)

Senses: tactile, visual and auditory and motor

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14
Q

Left hemi fcns

A

Analyzles situation/info

  1. extraction of elements that make up whole experience
  2. good @ recognizing serial evts and controlling sequences of behavior
  3. verbal activites
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15
Q

Right hemi fcns

A

specialized for synthesis

1.draw sketches, read maps, construct complex objects.

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16
Q

glia

A

the supporting cells of the CNS; shelter neurons physically and chemically.

  1. surround neurons and keep them in place
  2. control neurons supply of nutrients and chems
  3. insulate neurons from each other
  4. destroy and remove carcasses of neurons killed by disease/ injury
17
Q

astrocytes

A

provides support for neurons of the CNS; provides nutriuents and other substrates and regulates the chem composition of the extracellular fluid

phagocytosis

18
Q

phagocytosis

A

process by which the cell engulf and digest other cells/debris caused by cellular degeneration

19
Q

oligodendrocyte

A

type of glial cell in the CNS that forms myelin sheaths

20
Q

myelin sheath

A

sheath that surrounds axons & insulates them, preventing messages from spreading b/t adjacent axons

21
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

a naked portion of myelinated axons; b/t adj oligodendroglia or Schwann cells

22
Q

microglia

A

smallest of glial cells; act as phagocytes & protect the brain from invading micro-organisms

act as representatives of the immune system in the brain; responsible for inflammatory response to brain damage.

23
Q

Schwann cells

A

cell in the PNS that is wrapped around a myelinated axon

perform the same fcn as oligodendrocytes in the CNS

24
Q

Avg charge of a neuron at rest

A

-70mV

25
Q

What are the 4 important ions

A
  1. Cl-
  2. Na +
  3. K +
  4. A - (organic ions)
26
Q

Action potential

A

forces of both diffusion and electrostatic pressure tend to push Na+ into the cell

Caused by brief increase in the permeability of the membrane to Na+

27
Q

all or none principle

A

once an action potential is triggered it is propagated without decrement to the end of the fiber; action potential either does or does not occur

28
Q

rate law

A

principle that variations in the intensity of a stimulus or other info being transported in an axon are represented by variations in the rate @ which that axon fibers.

29
Q

Saltatory conduction

A

conduction of action potentials by myelinated axons. The axon potential appears to jump from one node of ranvier to the next.

saves E and increases myelin conduction speed.

30
Q

post-synaptic potentials

A

alterations in the membrane potential of a post synaptic neuron, produced by liberation of neurotransmitter at the synapse

increase/decrease rate of firing of the axon of the next post synaptic neuron

31
Q

binding site

A

location on a receptor protein to which a ligand binds

32
Q

ligand

A

chem that binds with the binding site of a receptor

neurotransmitters are natural ligands

Biopsych (4 decks)

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