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CELLULAR BASIS OF MEDICINE > BIOCHEMISTRY PRACTICAL 1 (CREATINE IN URINE) > Flashcards

BIOCHEMISTRY PRACTICAL 1 (CREATINE IN URINE) Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT IS CREATININE?

A

heterocyclic substance containing nitrogen
-anhydride of creatine
-waste product of muscle energy metabolism with urine

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2
Q

WHAT IS CREATINE?

A

a substance formed from the amino acids Gly, Arg, Met
-a source of energy for the muscle contraction - in the muscle it is found in a phosphorylated form as a creatine phosphate, i.e. it is one of energy rich compounds from which ATP can be generated

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3
Q

IS THE AMOUNT OF CREATINE PER UNIT OF MUSCLE MASS CONSTANT?

A

yes
-thus the spontaneous breakdown is also
constant: creatinine is released from the muscles into blood at a relatively constant rate
-blood concentration and excretion are very stable

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4
Q

WHAT IS A DIRECT REFLECTION OF LEAN MUSCLE MASS?

A

serum creatinine levels

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5
Q

WHAT IS A MARKER OF KIDNEY DAMAGE?

A

increased serum concentration of creatinine

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6
Q

WHAT ARE URINE CREATININE TESTS USED FOR IN MEDICINE?

A

A: estimation of the glomerular filtration rate
B: evaluation of urine dilution
C: standardization of excretion of other substances found in the urine

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7
Q

WHAT ANALYTICAL METHOD IS USED TO MEASURE THE CONCENTRATION OF CREATININE?

A

spectrophotometry

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8
Q

WHAT IS THE SOURCE OF ELECTROMAGNIFICATION IN A SPECTROPHOTOMETER?

A

hydrogen or deuterium lamp (UV)
tungsten lamp (VL)

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9
Q

WHAT IS UV RANGE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION USED FOR?

A

If the analyzed solution in the cuvette is colourless
-UV  = 190 - 400 nm)

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10
Q

WHAT IS THE VISIBLE RANGE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION USED FOR?

A

If the analyzed solution of the cuvette is colourful
-VIS,  = 400 - 700 nm

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11
Q

HOW DO ABSORBED COLOURS AND COMPLEMENTARY COLOURS WORK?

A

a specific colour is absorbed but a colour complementary to this one will be shown as the solutions colour

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12
Q

WHAT METHOD IS USED FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CREATININE (colourless)?

A

Jaffe’s reaction: creatinine reacts in alkaline solution with picric acid, red-orange product is produced.
-A concentration of the product is proportional to the concentration of the creatinine in a sample.

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13
Q

WHAT DOES SPECIFIC WAVELENGTH MEAN?

A

Each compound can absorb a radiation of a discrete energy

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14
Q

WHAT ARE CHROMOPHORES?

A

the structures of the compound able to absorb the radiation

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15
Q

WHAT IS MONOCHROMATIC RADIATION?

A

radiation of a discrete wavelength

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16
Q

WHICH IS LOWER I0 OR I?

A

The intensity of the transmitted radiant
energy (I) will be lower than an original intensity (I0).

17
Q

WHAT IS USED TO CALIBRATE THE THE SPECTROPHOTOMETER?

A

-blank solution of distilled water
-having the same composition as the analyzed sample except the compound of interest, e.g. creatinine

18
Q

WHAT DOES THE TRANSMITTANCE VALUE OF 1 MEAN?

A

1 is related to the solution which does not absorb any part of the radiation

19
Q

WHAT DOES THE TRANSMITTANCE VALUE OF 0 MEAN?

A

(the value 0 is found if all incident
radiation is absorbed in the cuvette

20
Q

ABORBANCE AND TRANSMITANCE

A

higher values of the absorbance are associated with very low values of the transmittance

21
Q

WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ABSORBANCE AND CONCENTRATION?

A

linear

22
Q

WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRANSMITTANCE AND CONCENTRATION?

A

exponential

23
Q

WHAT IS A MONOCHROMATOR?

A

prism which selects the wavelength

24
Q

WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF A SPECTROPHOTOMETER?

A

light source
lens
monochromator
sample in cuvette
detector

25
Q

WHAT IS A STANDARD SOLUTION?

A

a solution with a known concentration

26
Q

WHAT IS ABSORBANCE?

A

measure of the capacity of a substance to absorb light of a specified wavelength

27
Q

WHAT ARE THE WAVELENGTHS OF VISIBLE LIGHT?

A

approximately 400 to 700 nm

28
Q

WHAT IS THE NORMAL RANGE OF CREATININE IN URINE?

A

creatinine in urine 5.7 – 14.7 mmol/l

29
Q

WHAT IS TRANSMITTANCE?

A

how much light passes through a sample unchanged

30
Q

WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ABSORBANCE AND TRANSMITTANCE?

A

A = -log T

31
Q

WHAT ARE CUVETTES MADE FROM?

A

quartz
plastic
transparent glass (not for UV)

32
Q

WHAT IS THE BEER LAMBERT LAW?

A

path length and concentration of a chemical are directly proportional to its absorption of light

33
Q

WHAT IS THE CALIBRATION CURVE?

A

determines the concentration of a substance in an unknown sample by comparing the unknown to a set of standard samples of known concentration

34
Q

WHAT IS THE PRINCIPLE OF THE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY?

A

measuring the absorption spectrum of a compound, that is, the absorption of light by a solution at each wavelength.

35
Q

WHAT IS MOLAR CONCENTRATION?

A

moles of solute per litre of solution

36
Q

WHAT IS MASS CONCENTRATION?

A

mass of solute present in a given volume of a solution

37
Q

WHAT IS MOLAR MASS?

A

mass per mole of a substance

38
Q

Cus / Aus = Cst / Ast

A

CELLULAR BASIS OF MEDICINE (32 decks)

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