CTEL 2 Laws

Question 1

Plyer v Doe

Answer 1

prohibited public schools from adopting policies or taking actions that would deny students access to education based on their immigration status. (undocumented)

Question 2

1965 Immigration and Naturalization Act

Answer 2

Policies put into effect in 1965 in an attempt to keep immigrant families together and attract skilled labor. The policies dramatically altered the demographics of the American population in the four decades that followed.

Question 3

Castaneda vs. Pickard

Answer 3

court case that established a three-part assessment for bilingual programs

Bilingual education program must be based on sound educational theory, be implemented effectively with appropriate resources and be proven effective.

Question 4

NCLB

Answer 4

Requires states to measure student progress via statewide achievement tests. Title III upgrades schooling for low achieving students in high poverty schools. HOwever “teaching to the test” leaves little room for teaching english and the model does not support effective second language learning

Question 5

Lau vs. Nichols

Answer 5

1973 - US had a sink or swin education and denied language development supports. Violated civil rights title VI but the lower courts did not find schools responsible. Supreme court ruled in favor of Lau and required districts with 5%+ national origin minority children to offer special language instruction. ELL could not be labeled handicap. Must communicate with parents in the language they understand

schools must scaffold and provide other strategies to make input comprehensible

Lau vs. Nichols took place in San Francisco where Chinese American children who did not speak any English were put in a mainstream English classroom with no support. This court case ruled that schools had to provide ESL strategies to provide equal educational opportunities for all students.

Question 6

Williams v. State of California

Answer 6

2000, case argued that the State failed to provide thousands of public school students, particularly those in low-income communities and communities of color, with the basic necessities required for an education.

California public schools are required to provide students with at least the basic necessities of educational opportunity: sufficient textbooks and instructional materials, clean and safe school facilities, and qualified teachers. This includes the requirement that classes comprised of 20% or more English learners have an ESL trained teacher.

Question 7

California Proposition 227

Answer 7

1998 requires k-12 in English. Restricted primary language. States that English should be the primary medium of instruction for language-minority students..

Question 8

The Equal Education Opportunities Act of 1974 (EEOA)

Answer 8

mandates state educational agencies (SEA) and school districts to take away barriers that prevent ELLs from participating in educational programs. It tests the effectiveness of the English education programs

Question 9

Title VI

Answer 9

prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, and national origins in programs that receive federal funding. Additionally, it requires programs receiving federal assistance to provide their services in a non-discriminatory manner.

Question 10

Title III

Answer 10

ELL must also demonstrate progress in gaining Eng. proficiency - result of NCLB and push for vail/fair assessment for ELL

Question 11

Title I

Answer 11

ELL mandated subgroup whose test score determine if schools meet state level performance goals - result of NCLB and push for vail/fair assessment for ELL