Cell Transport Mechanisms Flashcards

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1
Q

What goes in the cell membrane

A

carbohydrates, sugars, proteins, amino acids, Lipids, salts, O2, H2O

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2
Q

What goes out the cell membrane

A

ammonia, salts, CO2, H2O

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3
Q

Movement of molecules across the cell membrane

A

cell transport

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4
Q

a process by which an ion or molecule passes through a membrane along a concentration gradient, or from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. It’s like moving from the train to the platform of a subway station or stepping out of a crowded room. Basically, it gives an ion or molecule “room to breathe.”
- no energy required

A

passive transport

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5
Q

Why does passive transport have no energy required

A

because of its intrinsic/natural energy called thermal motion

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6
Q

types of passive transport

A

simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis

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7
Q

type of passive transport wherein the movement of molecules through the membrane from a region of high concentration to a low concentration
- no transport protein used
- net diffusion/net flow - equilibrium
- At equilibrium, the movement of molecules does not stop. At equilibrium, there is an equal movement of materials in both directions. (it just stops going to the other area)

A

simple diffusion

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8
Q

rule in diffusion

A
  • In the absence of other forces, a substance will diffuse from where it is more concentrated to where it is less concentrated.
  • Any substance will diffuse down its concentration gradient. No work must be done to make it happen.
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9
Q

The rate at which a molecule crosses a lipid bilayer
depends on its ______ & ________. (selective permeability)

A

size and polarity

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10
Q

the transport of substances across a biological membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration with the help of a transport molecule.

A

facilitated diffusion

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11
Q

(true or false) each membrane in the cell has different proteins attached to it

A

true

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12
Q

Diffusion of water/liquid through the cell membrane
- aquaporin - water channel protein

A

osmosis

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12
Q

cell tonicity

A

hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic

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13
Q

The concentration of dissolved substances in the solution is the same as the concentration of dissolved substances inside the cell. (flacid in plant)

A

isotonic

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14
Q

water enters a cell by osmosis, causing the cell
to swell (and burst).
- less solute outside (high water concentration), more solute inside (low water concentration)

(cytolysis), (turgid in plant - normal)

A

hypotonic

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15
Q

water leaves a cell by osmosis, causing the cell to shrink.
- less solute inside (high water concentration), more solute outside (low water concentration)

(plasmolysis) (plasmolyzed plant cell)

A

hypertonic

16
Q

unlike passive transport, in this type of energy transport, the cell expends energy (for example, in the form of ATP) to move a substance against its concentration gradient. (low to high concentration gradient)

A

active transport

17
Q

types of transporters/carriers

A
  • uniporters – move one molecule at a
    time
  • symporters – move two molecules in
    the same direction
  • antiporters – move two molecules in
    opposite directions
18
Q

which cell of the plant performs active transport

A

root hair cell

19
Q

types of active transport (bulk transport)

A

endocytosis - the process of capturing a substance or particle from outside the cell by engulfing it with the cell membrane, and bringing it into the cell.
exocytosis - describes the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing their contents to the outside of the cell

20
Q

type of endocytosis that is the process of ingesting solid particles/engulfing food or substance into the cell

A

phagocytosis

21
Q

type of endocytosis

the uptake of extracellular fluids and dissolved solutes, such as fat droplets, vitamins, and antigens. can be thought of as cellular drinking. (liquid)

A

pinocytosis

22
Q

a form of endocytosis in which receptor proteins on the cell surface are used to capture a specific target molecule. (triggered by molecular signal) (has a specific shape)

A

receptor-mediated endocytosis