Electrolytes

Question 1

Kalemias

Answer 1

SAME direction as prefix EXCEPT HR & UO
-K affects the heart so pick answers related to heart problems

Question 2

Hyperkalemia

Answer 2

all s/sx go with prefix
-seizures, irritable
-diarrhea, borborygmi
-muscle spasm, hyperflexia
-everything heart related but HR goes up

HR & UO go down
-bradycardia
-oliguria

Question 3

Hypokalemia

Answer 3

all s/sx go with prefix
-lethargy
-bradypnea
-constipation
-flaccid , hyporeflexia

HR & UO go up
-tachycardia
-polyuria

Question 4

Calcemias

Answer 4

All s/sx go in the OPPOSITE of prefix
-pick answers related to skeletal muscle problems

Question 5

Hypercalcemia

Answer 5

all s/sx go down
pay attention muscles
-chvostek sign: cheek spasms (tap cheek)
-Trousseau: spasm of hand when BP cuff inflates

Question 6

Hypocalcemia

Answer 6

all s/sx go up

Question 7

Magnesmias

Answer 7

s/sx go opposite of prefix
hyper - s/sx go low
hypo- s/sx go high

Question 8

Potential that s/sx could be from several different electrolyte imbalances…

Answer 8

choose calcium if nerve or skeletal muscle involved
choose potassium for any other symptom or things affecting blood pressure
never choose magnesemia

Question 9

Hypernatremia (sodium)

Answer 9

hypErnatremia = dEhydration (DI, HHNK,DKA)
-hot, flushed, dry skin, thready pulse, elevated HR
-Give fluids

Question 10

Hyponatremia (sodium)

Answer 10

hypOnatremia = fluid Overload (SIADH)
-crackles, distended neck veins
-Fluid restriction, Lasix

Question 11

Universal sign of electrolyte imbalance

Answer 11

Paresis: muscle weakness

Question 12

Earliest sign of electrolyte imbalance

Answer 12

Paresthesia: numbess/tingling
Circumoral = around the lips

Question 13

Hyperkalemia Tx

Answer 13

MOST PROBLEMATIC IMBALANCE
high K can stop the heart
-give D5W & regular insulin (temp solution) & Kayexalate (long term solution) at the same time

D5W & regular insulin: K enters early -> pushes K into cell and out blood

Kayexalate (enema or ingestion): K exits late -> makes K leave the body through feces. Exchanges K for sodium which creates Hypernatrmia = dehydration = give fluids

Question 14

Hypokalemia Tx

Answer 14

NEVER IV PUSH POTASSIUM
-give potassium <40 of IV fluid (anything dose above this call and clarify order)