Week 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

euchromatin

A

permissive chromatin environment; need HATs (acetylate histones) and ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes (slide nucleosomes around, allowing access to specific sequences in the DNA); opening chromatin is necessary but not sufficient for transcription, must have RNA polymerase recruited to the promoter as well

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2
Q

transcription stimulated by activators

A
  1. activator proteins bind to enhancers
  2. activator proteins interact with general transcription factors, mediator proteins, or RNAP2
  3. so activator proteins recruit RNAP2
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3
Q

modular interactions

A

allow different transcription factors to recruit the same proteins to different DNA sequences

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4
Q

introns

A

noncoding regions, must be removed by RNA splicing by the spliceosome from the DNA sequence during RNA processing

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5
Q

alternative splicing

A

a certain exon being included or not, making two different proteins

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6
Q

amplifying RNA

A

make a cDNA copy by reverse transcription, then amplify by PCR (RT-PCR)

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7
Q

RT-PCR

A
  1. degrade DNA with DNase, prime reverse transcription
  2. synthesize cDNA
  3. regrade RNA with RNase
  4. PCR. first cycle generates double-stranded DNA. second cycle similar to first cycle of a normal PCR reaction
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8
Q

adding DNA to a plasmid

A
  1. cut plasmid with restriction enzymes
  2. cut DNA to be inserted to generate compatible ends
  3. use DNA ligase to seal up the plasmid, which now contains the insert DNA
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9
Q

affinity tags

A

purifies proteins, gets protein of interest away from the other molecules

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10
Q

repair by NHEJ

A

fixes the site, occasionally an inaccurate repair because it does insertions and deletions, causing frameshift mutations and inactivation of the gene

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11
Q

repair by homologous recombination

A

allows you to replace the sequence with a new sequence, changes sequence of gene

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