Mutations Flashcards

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1
Q

Mutation

A

Small permanent change in the DNA of an organism.

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2
Q

Point Mutation

A

A change in a single nucleotide in the DNA code that may result in translation of one different amino acid in a polypeptide sequence.

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3
Q

Somatic Mutation

A

A mutation in the somatic tissue of an organism that affects the specific cell type but is not inherited.

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4
Q

Germline Mutation

A

A heritable change in the DNA that occurs in a germ cell (a cell destined to become an egg or sperm) or the zygote at the single-cell stage and is also incorporated in every cell of the body.

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5
Q

Frameshift Mutation

A

The deletion or insertion of a single or non-multiple of three nucleotides into the DNA.

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6
Q

Chromosome Mutation

A

A change in the chromosome structure or number, often due to an error in pairing during the crossing over stage of meiosis.

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7
Q

Homologos

A

Two chromosomes that are homologous; during meiosis, the set of paring maternal and paternal chromosomes have the same genes at the same loci but may have different alleles.

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8
Q

Chromosome Deletion

A

Loss of a part of a chromosome during DNA replication.

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9
Q

Duplication

A

Any repetition of a region of DNA that contains one or more genes.

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10
Q

Translocation

A

Movement of a chromosomal segment from one position to another, either within the same chromosome or to another chromosome.

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11
Q

Inversion

A

A chromosome rearrangement in which a segment of chromosome is reversed end to end.

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12
Q

Nondisjunction

A

The failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate during meiosis.

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13
Q

Aneuploidy

A

Presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell.

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14
Q

Autosomal Aneuploidy

A

Presence of an abnormal number of autosomal chromosomes.

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15
Q

Sexual Aneuploidy

A

Presence of an abnormal number of sex chromosomes in a sex cell.

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16
Q

Trisomy

A

Occurs when a diploid organism has three copies of one of its chromosomes instead of two.

17
Q

Karyotype

A

The number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species.

18
Q

Hereditary Mutation

A

Gene change in a body’s reproductive cell that can be passed from parent to offspring.

19
Q

Somatic

A

Non-reproductive.

20
Q

Mutagen

A

A physical or chemical agent that changes the genetic material of an organism.

21
Q

Carcinogen

A

A substance or agent that can cause cells to become cancerous by altering their genetic structure so that they multiply continually and become malignant.