Mutations

Question 1

Mutation

Answer 1

Small permanent change in the DNA of an organism.

Question 2

Point Mutation

Answer 2

A change in a single nucleotide in the DNA code that may result in translation of one different amino acid in a polypeptide sequence.

Question 3

Somatic Mutation

Answer 3

A mutation in the somatic tissue of an organism that affects the specific cell type but is not inherited.

Question 4

Germline Mutation

Answer 4

A heritable change in the DNA that occurs in a germ cell (a cell destined to become an egg or sperm) or the zygote at the single-cell stage and is also incorporated in every cell of the body.

Question 5

Frameshift Mutation

Answer 5

The deletion or insertion of a single or non-multiple of three nucleotides into the DNA.

Question 6

Chromosome Mutation

Answer 6

A change in the chromosome structure or number, often due to an error in pairing during the crossing over stage of meiosis.

Question 7

Homologos

Answer 7

Two chromosomes that are homologous; during meiosis, the set of paring maternal and paternal chromosomes have the same genes at the same loci but may have different alleles.

Question 8

Chromosome Deletion

Answer 8

Loss of a part of a chromosome during DNA replication.

Question 9

Duplication

Answer 9

Any repetition of a region of DNA that contains one or more genes.

Question 10

Translocation

Answer 10

Movement of a chromosomal segment from one position to another, either within the same chromosome or to another chromosome.

Question 11

Inversion

Answer 11

A chromosome rearrangement in which a segment of chromosome is reversed end to end.

Question 12

Nondisjunction

Answer 12

The failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate during meiosis.

Question 13

Aneuploidy

Answer 13

Presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell.

Question 14

Autosomal Aneuploidy

Answer 14

Presence of an abnormal number of autosomal chromosomes.

Question 15

Sexual Aneuploidy

Answer 15

Presence of an abnormal number of sex chromosomes in a sex cell.

Question 16

Trisomy

Answer 16

Occurs when a diploid organism has three copies of one of its chromosomes instead of two.

Question 17

Karyotype

Answer 17

The number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species.

Question 18

Hereditary Mutation

Answer 18

Gene change in a body’s reproductive cell that can be passed from parent to offspring.

Question 19

Somatic

Answer 19

Non-reproductive.

Question 20

Mutagen

Answer 20

A physical or chemical agent that changes the genetic material of an organism.

Question 21

Carcinogen

Answer 21

A substance or agent that can cause cells to become cancerous by altering their genetic structure so that they multiply continually and become malignant.