3 Solids, Liquids, Gases

Question 1

crystalline solids

Answer 1

solids that are made up of crystals. Examples are salt, sugar, and snow

Question 2

amorphous solids

Answer 2

solids that contain particles that are not arranged in a regular pattern. Amorphous solids do not melt, instead they become softer. Examples are plastics, rubber, and glass

Question 3

solid

Answer 3

matter with a definite shape and volume

Question 4

particles of a solid

Answer 4

are closely locked in position and can only vibrate

Question 5

liquid

Answer 5

matter which has a definite volume, but no definite shape of its own

Question 6

particles of a liquid

Answer 6

are more loosely connected and can collide with and move past one another

Question 7

fluid

Answer 7

a substance that flows

Question 8

surface tension

Answer 8

the result of an inward pull among the molecules of a liquid that brings the molecules on the surface closer together

Question 9

viscosity

Answer 9

a liquid’s resistance to flowing

Question 10

high and low viscosity

Answer 10

Liquids with high viscosity flow slowly and liquids with low viscosity flow quickly.

Question 11

gas

Answer 11

matter with no shape or volume

Question 12

particles in gases

Answer 12

are free to move independently, colliding frequently

Question 13

particle

Answer 13

atom or molecule in a substance

Question 14

changes of state

Answer 14

the change from solid to liquid, liquid to gas, or solid to gas

Question 15

melting

Answer 15

change of state from solid to liquid

Question 16

melting point

Answer 16

the specific temperature when melting occurs. For example, ice melts into water at 0 degrees C.

Question 17

process of melting

Answer 17

the particles in the solid vibrate so fast that they break free from their fixed positions

Question 18

freezing

Answer 18

change of state from liquid to solid

Question 19

process of freezing

Answer 19

the particles in the liquid vibrate so slowly that they begin to take on fixed positions

Question 20

condensation

Answer 20

change of state from a gas to a liquid

Question 21

process of condensation

Answer 21

particles in a gas lose enough thermal energy to form a liquid

Question 22

sublimation

Answer 22

change of state from a solid to a gas

Question 23

process of sublimation

Answer 23

the surface particles of a solid gain enough energy that they form a gas. The particles do NOT go through a liquid phase.

Question 24

measuring gases

Answer 24

it is helpful to know the volume, temperature, and pressure

Question 25

pressure of a gas

Answer 25

the force of its outward push divided by the area of the walls of the container, measured in units of pascals

Question 26

volume of a gas

Answer 26

the amount of space that matter fills, measures in cm3 (cubic centimeters), mL, L and other units

Question 27

temperature

Answer 27

a measure of the average energy of motion of the particles of matter

Question 28

Charles’ Law

Answer 28

When the temperature of a gas is increased at constant pressure, its volume increases. When the temperature of a gas is decreased at constant pressure, its volume decreases.

Question 29

graph of Charles’ Law

Answer 29

2 points:

1. The volume of a gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature under constant pressure.
2. When a graph of 2 variables is a straight line passing through the origin (0, 0), the variables are said to be directly proportional to each other. (Straight line - Check this graph out in your algebra book.)

Question 30

Boyle’s Law

Answer 30

When the pressure of a gas at constant temperature is increased, the volume of the gas decreases. When the pressure is decreased the volume increases.

Question 31

graph of Boyle’s Law

Answer 31

Gas pressure is inversely proportional to the volume at constant temperature. Curved line.

Question 32

Ideal Gas Law

Answer 32

When the temperature of a gas at constant volume is increased, the pressure of the gas increases. When the temperature is decreased, the pressure of the gas decreases.

Question 33

Graph of Ideal Gas Law

Answer 33

Pressure and temperature are directly related. When one goes up, the other goes up.