Speciation and Macroevolution Flashcards

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1
Q

Divergent Evolution

A

Evolution that leads to descendants becoming different in form from their common ancestor.

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2
Q

Parallel Evolution

A

Independent evolution of similar traits in species that once shared a common ancestor.

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3
Q

Convergent Evolution

A

The independent development of similarities between species as a result of them having similar ecological roles and selection pressures.

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4
Q

Coevolution

A

Occurs when two or more species reciprocally affect each other’s evolution.

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5
Q

Speciation

A

The evolutionary process by which new and distinct species are formed in the course of evolution.

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6
Q

Clinical Variation

A

Gradual changes or differences i inherited characteristics of adjoining populations of a species spread across a range of environments (geographic range).

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7
Q

Cline

A

Is a measurable gradient in a single character (or biological trait) of a species across its geographical range.

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8
Q

Geographic Isolates

A

A physical barrier that prevents interbreeding between members of different populations of a species.

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9
Q

Zone or Belt of Hybridisation

A

Area in which two divergent sub species may interbreed.

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10
Q

Allopatric Species

A

Species that result when two populations of the same species becomes isolated from each other due to a geographic barrier.

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11
Q

Sympatric Species

A

Closely related but reproductively isolated species living in the same geographic region.

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12
Q

Reproductive Isolating Mechanisms

A

Reproductive characteristics that prevent reproduction between populations.

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13
Q

Character Displacement

A

The evolutionary divergence of characteristics displayed by two or more species with the same niche in a particular habitat.

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14
Q

Parapatric Speciation

A

When two or more subpopulations of a species evolve reproductive isolation from one another due to habitat differences within the population range.

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15
Q

Parthenogenesis

A

Reproduction from an ovum without fertilisation in animals.

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16
Q

Heat Shock Protein

A

Member of a family of proteins produced by cells in response to stressful environment, chemical or physical conditions’ e.g.g HSP90s assist with the activation and stabilisation of a wide variety of proteins.

17
Q

Developmental Neoteny

A

The relation of juvenile structure or traits by adults in a species.

18
Q

Stasis

A

A block of little or no evolutionary change in a species.

19
Q

Character Change

A

Change in phenotype over time.

20
Q

Exaptation

A

The process by which an anatomical structure, physiological process or behaviour pattern of an organism acquires a new function.

21
Q

Bipedal

A

The ability to walk on two, rather than four legs.