Speciation and Macroevolution Flashcards
Divergent Evolution
Evolution that leads to descendants becoming different in form from their common ancestor.
Parallel Evolution
Independent evolution of similar traits in species that once shared a common ancestor.
Convergent Evolution
The independent development of similarities between species as a result of them having similar ecological roles and selection pressures.
Coevolution
Occurs when two or more species reciprocally affect each other’s evolution.
Speciation
The evolutionary process by which new and distinct species are formed in the course of evolution.
Clinical Variation
Gradual changes or differences i inherited characteristics of adjoining populations of a species spread across a range of environments (geographic range).
Cline
Is a measurable gradient in a single character (or biological trait) of a species across its geographical range.
Geographic Isolates
A physical barrier that prevents interbreeding between members of different populations of a species.
Zone or Belt of Hybridisation
Area in which two divergent sub species may interbreed.
Allopatric Species
Species that result when two populations of the same species becomes isolated from each other due to a geographic barrier.
Sympatric Species
Closely related but reproductively isolated species living in the same geographic region.
Reproductive Isolating Mechanisms
Reproductive characteristics that prevent reproduction between populations.
Character Displacement
The evolutionary divergence of characteristics displayed by two or more species with the same niche in a particular habitat.
Parapatric Speciation
When two or more subpopulations of a species evolve reproductive isolation from one another due to habitat differences within the population range.
Parthenogenesis
Reproduction from an ovum without fertilisation in animals.