Mendel: Single Gene Inheritance

Question 1

Who is the father of modern genetics?

Answer 1

Gregor Mendel

Question 2

Mendel’s experiments

Answer 2

Studied pea traits with two distinct forms, one dominant and one recessive

Question 3

Generation titles

Answer 3

P1- parental generation
F1- first filial generation
F2- Second filial generation

Question 4

Pair of homologous chromosomes

Answer 4

an individual inherits one of each type of chromosome from each parents

Question 5

Gene locus

Answer 5

the location of a particular gene on a chromosome

Question 6

Pair of alleles

Answer 6

different versions of the same gene

Question 7

Alleles are located…

Answer 7

at the same sight(locus) on a pair of homologous chromosomes

Question 8

Examples of alleles?

Answer 8

Freckles and no freckles
Ear lobe and no ear lobe
Tall plants and short plans
ETC.

Question 9

Dominant is the ______ trait.

Answer 9

observed

Question 10

Recessive is the _______ trait.

Answer 10

masked

Question 11

True breeding plants

Answer 11

Plants which consistently have offspring with the same traits as the parents

Question 12

Genotype

Answer 12

Organisms alleles- the letter combinations in a Punnett square

Question 13

Phenotypes

Answer 13

outward expression of an allele combination- ex. brown hair, blue eyes, etc.

Question 14

Which traits are expressed in heterozygote or hybrid?

Answer 14

Dominant

Question 15

Which traits are not expressed in the heterozygote?

Answer 15

Recessive- they are hidden and individuals are carriers

Question 16

Monohybrid cross

Answer 16

Follows one trait
Ex. Tt x Tt results in 3/4 tall and 1/4 short

Question 17

Mendel’s experiments with a monohybrid cross helped him conclude that…

Answer 17

among the hybrid parents the recessive trait was hidden but not absent

Question 18

Mendel’s First Law: Segregation

Answer 18

Alleles from mom and dad separate and randomly join with other alleles. At the end of meiosis each gamete carries one copy of an allele

Question 19

Modes of inheritance

Answer 19

rules that explain the common patterns of single-gene transmission

Question 20

Autosomal inheritance can be….

Answer 20

dominant or recessive

Question 21

Criteria for autosomal dominant

Answer 21

-male and female can be affected
- males and females transmit trait with equal frequency
- trait shows up in every generation
- transmission stops after a generation in which no one inherits mutation

Question 22

Criteria for autosomal recessive

Answer 22

• males and females can be affected
• trait can skip generation
• parents of individual are hetero or have trait, but MUST be carriers
• most conditions appear unexpectedly in families because they are transmitted through carriers

Question 23

Homozygous dominant

Answer 23

BB

Question 24

Homozygous recessive

Answer 24

bb

Question 25

Heterozygous

Answer 25

Bb

Question 26

Autosomal dominant vs autosomal recessive

Answer 26

DOMINANT
AA- phenotype +
Aa- phenotype +
aa- “normal” trait(recessive)
RECESSIVE
AA- “normal” trait(dominant)
Aa- “normal”, but carrier
aa- phenotype +