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General Biology 1 > Biomolecules > Flashcards

Biomolecules Flashcards

1
Q

What is considered the building block of life?

A

Carbon

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2
Q

The main inorganic compound in all living things

A

Water

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3
Q

What compounds contain carbon molecules

A

Organic compounds

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4
Q

What is a subunit of a complex molecule

A

Monomer

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5
Q

Monomers linked together

A

Polymers

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6
Q

The formation of polymers through the connecting of monomers through the removal of water

A

Dehydration reaction

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7
Q

The breaking down of polymers through the addition of water

A

Hydrolysis reaction

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8
Q

4 types of organic compounds

A

Lipids

Proteins

Carbohydrates

Nucleic acids

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9
Q

The most abundant organic compound

A

Proteins

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10
Q

Made up of amino acids

A

Proteins

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11
Q

What are proteins made up of

A

Amino acid group

Carboxyl group

R group

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12
Q

What links amino acids together

A

Peptide bond

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13
Q

How many amino acids are responsible for the variety of proteins in living things

A

20 amino acids

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14
Q

How many amino acids is the body capable of making

A

12 amino acids

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15
Q

What are essential amino acids?

A

Amino acids the body isn’t capable of producing

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16
Q

7 proteins in the body

A

Structural proteins

Enzymatic proteins

Transport proteins

Defense proteins

Regulatory proteins

Contractile proteins

Storage proteins

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17
Q

Proteins that form the structural parts of cells and tissues

A

Structural proteins

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18
Q

Proteins that catalyze chemical reactions

A

Enzymatic proteins

19
Q

What type of enzymatic proteins catalyze starch

A

Amylase

20
Q

What type of enzymatic proteins catalyze proteins

A

Protease

21
Q

What type of enzymatic proteins catalyze lipids

A

Lipase

22
Q

Proteins that form channels and carriers

A

Transport proteins

23
Q

Also considered antibodies

A

Defence proteins

24
Q

Hormones are considered this type of protein

A

Regulatory or signal proteins

25
Q

Actin and myosin are considered this type of protein

A

Contractile protein

26
Q

Proteins that serve as amino acid reserves

A

storage protein

27
Q

biomolecule that is considered the main source of energy

also serves as structural component of living cells

A

Carbohydrates

28
Q

3 types of carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides

Disaccharides

Polysaccharides

29
Q

Simple sugars made up of one unit of sugar

can easily pass through membranes

instant source of energy in cells

A

monosaccharides

30
Q

Types (?) of monosaccharides

A

Triose

Hexose

Pentose

31
Q

examples of monosaccharides

A

Glucose

Fructose

Ribose

Deoxyribose

32
Q

complex sugars made of two monosaccharides chemically combined

A

Disaccharides

33
Q

The process where two monosaccharides combine with the loss of water molecules

A

dehydration synthesis

34
Q

Chemical reaction where disaccharides split with the addition of water

A

hydrolysis reaction

35
Q

examples of disaccharides

A

Sucrose

Maltose

Lactose

36
Q

complex sugars made up of chains of monosaccharides

acts as energy storage and structural molecules as parts of cell structure

A

Polysaccharides

37
Q

types of polysaccharides

A

structural polysaccharides

storage polysaccharides

38
Q

examples of structural polysaccharides

A

Cellulose

Chitin

39
Q

examples of storage polysaccharides

A

Starch

Glycogen

40
Q

biomolecules that are fats or fat-like substances

source and storage of energy

A

Lipid

41
Q

2 types of fatty acids

A

Saturated fat

Unsaturated fat

42
Q

Examples of lipids

A

Phospholipid

waxes

steroids

cholesterol

triglyceride

Sphingoloid

43
Q

Biomolecule that acts as storage for genetic information

A

Nucleic acid

44
Q

2 types of nucleic acids

A

RNA

DNA

General Biology 1 (5 decks)

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