Ren 201 midterm 2

Question 1

Topological overlay

Answer 1

A Process that merges spatially coincident features from two coverages, and their attributes create a third coverage that contains new features and/or describes new relationships.

Question 2

Clip

Answer 2

Extracts features that overlay the clip feature

Question 3

Select

Answer 3

extracts feature from an input feature class or input feature layer (typically using a select query) and stores them in an output feature class

Question 4

Split

Answer 4

Splits an input with overlaying features to create a subset of output feature classes

Question 5

split by attribute

Answer 5

splits an input dataset by unique attributes

Question 6

Table select

Answer 6

Selects table records mathcing a struvtured query and writes them to an output table

Question 7

Extract toolset includes:

Answer 7

Clip, select, split

Question 8

Overlay Analysis/ toolset:

Answer 8

Uses tools to overlay multiple feture classes to combine, erase, modify, or update spatial features.

toolset include:Erase, Identitiy, INtersect, Symmetrical difference, Union, Update

Question 9

Erase

Answer 9

Creates a feature class by overlaying the input features with the polygons of the erase features. Output feature class includes only input features that fall outside the erase feature.

Question 10

Identity

Answer 10

computes a geomatic intersection of the input features and the identity features. The input features or f\portions that overlap identity features will get the attributes of those identity features.

Question 11

Intersect

Answer 11

Computes the geometric intersection of two coverages. Only features common to both coverages will be preserved in the output coverage.

Question 12

Symmetrical Difference

Answer 12

Computes a geometric intersection of the input and update features. Features witch DO NOT overlap between layers will be written to output.

Question 13

Union

Answer 13

Computes a geometric union of input features, all features and attributes will be written in output.

Question 14

Update

Answer 14

Computes a geometric intersection of the input features and update features. The attributes and geometry of the input features are updated by the update fetures.

Question 15

Reclassification

Answer 15

simplification of data by changing a single to a new value or grouping ranges of values into single values.

Question 16

Dissolve

Answer 16

Removes boundaries or nodes between adkacent polygons or lines that have the same values for a specified attribute

Question 17

Merge

Answer 17

Creates a new feature class containing two or more adjacent feature classes from the same feature type.

Question 18

Proximity

Answer 18

Determines the proximity of features within one or more feature class or between feature classes

Question 19

Photo interpretation

Answer 19

Art of recognizing features in a photo

Question 20

Photogrammetry

Answer 20

Science of taking measurements from photos

Question 21

Aerial photo quality is determined by:

Answer 21

1.Aerial camer lens and aircraft platform
2. medium(atmosphere) - haze, sun angle, clouds
3. Film type. spectral response speed)
4.film processing
5. printing

Question 22

Panchromatic b and w

Answer 22

typically b and w film. High resolution, ideal for medium to high altitude photography (small-scale imagery)

Question 23

color diapositive

Answer 23

the universal film choice for large and medium-scale imagery. utilized for restitution, photo maps, and interpretation.

Question 24

Colour Negative

Answer 24

Yields high geometric resolution. Ideal for further digital processing. Scans can be converted directly into positive images.

Question 25

B and W Infrared

Answer 25

Useful for vegetation surveys ( where high contrast is required)
Outstanding ability in reducing haze effects

Question 26

Colour Infrared

Answer 26

-described as a false color film, generates a color composite composed of three layers yellow, green, and red, near the infrared spectrum.
-chlorophyll of living vegetation has greater reflectance of the infrared spectrum than the green of visible light. useful for differentiation of vegetation, and identifying forest disease and damage.
-applications include vegetation analysis, archaeological exploration, hydrological studies and channel mapping, irrigation studies, and ice reconnaissance.

Question 27

tone

Answer 27

element of photo interpretation.
-relative brightness or color of objects (shades of grey)
-generally the fundamental element for distinguishing between different targets or features.
-tone is influenced by: filters, spectral response of vegetation, sun angle, plant age/ health, disturbances, slope/aspect

Question 28

size

Answer 28

element of photo interpretation.
-The size of the object must be considered in the context of the scale of a photograph (is object a pond or large lake)

Question 29

Shape

Answer 29

element of photo interpretation.
-refers to the general outline of objects
-regular geometric shapes are usually indicators of human presence and use.

Question 30

Texture

Answer 30

element of photo interpretation.
-the impression of smoothness or roughness of an image caused by the frequency of change of tone in photographs (cement would appear smooth, forest canopy may appear rough)

Question 31

Pattern

Answer 31

element of photo interpretation.
-Patterns formed in an image can be diagnostic (random pattern of unmanaged forest vs evenly spaced rows of an orchard

Question 32

Shadow

Answer 32

element of photo interpretation.
-aid in determining the height of objects in aerial photographs, obscures objects lying within them

Question 33

spatial resolution

Answer 33

refers to the size of the smallest possible feature that can be detected. Higher spatial resolution implies more pixels per unit area

Question 34

Spectral Resolution

Answer 34

Describes the ability of a sensor to define fine wavelength intervals. The finer the spectral resolution, the narrower the wavelength range for the particular channel or band

Question 35

Radiometric Resolution

Answer 35

Describes the actual information content of an image
-determined by the sensitivity to the magnitude of the electromagnetic energy on the film or by a sensor.
-The finer the radiometric resolution of a sensor the more sensitive it is to detecting small differences in reflected or emitted energy

Question 36

Temporal resolution

Answer 36

Describes the visiting frequency of a sensor
-Affects the ability to collect imagery of the same area of the earth’s surface at different periods of time

Question 37

Geographic Abstraction

Answer 37

the process of transforming collected data into a graphical representation of features and attributes relevant to the purpose of the map.

Question 38

Surface Properties: Shape

Answer 38

A projection from a spherical coordinate system onto a surface that can be laid flat.
Shapes include: Cylindrical, Conical, and Planar

Question 39

Surface properties: orientation

Answer 39

Orientation of shape projections
Orientatoions include:
Normal (up-down)
Transverse (sideways
Oblique (angled)

Question 40

Surface Properties: Intersection

Answer 40

Tangent: A straight line is tangent to a curve