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geog: paper 2 > UKs HUMAN evolving landscape > Flashcards

UKs HUMAN evolving landscape Flashcards

1
Q

Describe

A

Tell me about

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2
Q

Explain

A

Give reasons why

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3
Q

Multiplier effect

A

When people or businesses move to an area and invest money on housing and
services, which in turn creates more jobs and attracts more people,

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4
Q

Urban core

A

The most densely populated areas of the UK. These are the economic core regions
of a country e.g. London in the South East. People migrate to live and work in
these areas for the higher potential incomes found here.

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5
Q

Rural periphery

A

Areas away from the urban core, These areas have a low population density, older
populations, lower incomes, high transport costs and an out-migration of younger
people. Allerdale in the Lake District in Cumbria,

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6
Q

Affluent

A

Higher income people

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7
Q

Lower population density

A

This means that an area is rural with few people living per sq km.

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8
Q

Enterprise zones

A

These are places where the UK government offers companies help with start-up
costs, reduced taxes on profits and access to superfast broadband.

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9
Q

Globalisation

A

The ways in which countries become increasingly connected to each other through
economic inter-dependence, trade, technology, international flows of investment,
outsourcing and culture.

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10
Q

Multicultural

A

Different ethnic groups live there

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11
Q

Ageing population

A

This means that there is a high proportion living in a place of an elderly age.

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12
Q

Depopulation

A

The decline of the total population of an area.

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13
Q

Suburbanisation

A

Shift of shopping activity and employment away from the BD to new areas

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14
Q

Decentralisation

A

The movement of people from the inner suburbs to the outer suburbs.

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15
Q

Retail parks

A

These are out of town shopping parks e.g. The Meadows. They are built out of
town and are near major roads.

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16
Q

E-commerce

A

When you buy goods online

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17
Q

Business parks

A

Areas for employment built outside of towns and cities and close to major roads

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18
Q

Counter-urbanisation

A

When people leave towns and cities to live in the countryside

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19
Q

Re-urbanisation

A

When people who used to live in the city and then moved out to the country or to
a suburb, move back to live in the citv.

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20
Q

Regeneration

A

Redeveloping former industrial areas or housing to improve them

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21
Q

Brownfield site

A

An area of disused and derelict land, normally located in an urban area that is
available for redevelopment.

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22
Q

Gentrification

A

High income earners move into run-down areas to be closer to their workplace,
often resulting in the rehabilitation and regeneration of the area to conform with
middle class lifestyles.

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23
Q

Studentification

A

Communities benefit from local universities which provide employment
opportunities and a large student population which can regenerate pubs, shop and
buy-to-let properties.

24
Q

Rebranded

A

Give a place a new brand and replace the old on e

25
Q

Sustainable living

A

Where a resource use meets human needs while preserving the environment for
present generations, but also for generations to come.

26
Q

Quaternary sector

A

Knowledge based jobs which normally include the use of technology e.B. financial
banking.

27
Q

Teleworking

A

Working from home

28
Q

Footloose

A

These are companies or industries that are not tied to one location and are found
in the new economy

29
Q

New economy

A

The growth in the tertiary sector since the 1980s

30
Q

Free trade

A

Free flow of goods and services without tariffs

31
Q

Privatisation

A

The change of ownership of services

32
Q

TNC

A

Transnational Corporation - a business that has offices or factories in 2 or more
countries

33
Q

Infrastructure

A

Rail, roads, bridges, airports

34
Q

Connectivity

A

How easy it is to travel or connect with other places

35
Q

Rural urban fringe

A

Where a town or city meets the countryside

36
Q

Migrants

A

People who move from one place to another inside a country

37
Q

Ethnic segregation

A

When people of a particular ethnic group choose to live with others from the same
ethnic group.

38
Q

Multiple-deprivation index

A

.
The government complies census data on incomes, housing, health and services. It
helps to assess in which areas a community is deprived or poor.

39
Q

Deindustrialisation

A

Decreased activity in manufacturing and closure of industries, leading to
employment.

40
Q

Quality of life

A

The overall wellbeing and happiness of a person, This is determined by a large
number of factors such as standard of living (how much you earn), access to
healthcare, access to education, access to services, crime rate in an area, access to
entertainment.

41
Q

Affordable housing

A

Cheaper housing that low-income groups can afford to live in

42
Q

Green space

A

Open space such as parks

43
Q

Energy efficiency

A

Using less energy to perform the same task- producing same result

44
Q

Accessible

A

How easy something is to get to such as a place or in relation to being able to use
services such as your GP

45
Q

Dormitory town/village

A

Settlements in the rural-urban fringe where people live and leave each morning to
commute to work in nearby towns or cities.

46
Q

Deprived area

A

An area that lacks wealth or services. It usually means a low standard of living for
the people that live there.

47
Q

Index of multiple deprivation

A

Means of showing how deprived an area is

48
Q

Diversification

A

When farms try to find other ways of earning money other than be just farming
Examples include opening a farm shop such as in Cornwall.

49
Q

What’s the multiplier effect

A

When people migrate to cities and regions for work, spend money they earn there, encourage more to live there and creating more jobs

50
Q

4 incentives that the government put in place to make the uk more attractive to investors

A
  1. Enterprise zones: areas where uk government offers company help with start-up cost like fast broadband and produced taxes
  2. EU grants: funds to help the poorest regions of the EU
  3. Improvement to transport: mostly taking place in uks urban cores
  4. Regional development grant: 
51
Q

Causes of population growth

A
  1. Increased birth rate
  2. Net immigration
52
Q

Why has birth rate increased

A

Improvement to healthcare
Women choosing to have children later on in life
Older women choosing to have children after postponing it for their career

53
Q

4 Main reasons for globalisation

A

Containerisation, improve transport, free trade, foreign direct investment

54
Q

4 Main reasons for Londons expansion

A

Family size, suburbanisation, counterurbanisation, increasing divorce and later marriage

55
Q

Four main factors that caused re-urbanisation

A

Gentrification, investment, space – closure of industries has less space for redevelopment, studentification 

56
Q

6 main London problems

A

Transport, affordable housing, energy efficiency, employment, green space, landfill – waste

geog: paper 2 (5 decks)

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