Module 5: Probability

Question 1

Random trial

Answer 1

-any process that has multiple outcomes but where the result on any particular trial is unknown (flipping a coin)

Question 2

Sample space

Answer 2

-list, or set, of all possible outcomes

Question 3

Event

Answer 3

-outcome you are interested in, can just be a single element in the sample space

Question 4

Discrete variables

Answer 4

-flipping a coin

Question 5

Continuous variables

Answer 5

-length of time a person waits

Question 6

Probability

Answer 6

-proportion of times an event would occur if a random trial was repeated many many times

Question 7

Probability distributions

Answer 7

-utilize the structure of a random trial to provide a compact way of describing the probability of all events

Question 8

Types of distributions

Answer 8

-discrete
-continuous

Question 9

Discrete distribution

Answer 9

-for discrete random variables (number of times children ask for icecream on a hot day)

Question 10

Continuous distribution

Answer 10

-for continuous random variables (mass of an ice cream cone in grams)

Question 11

Probabilities from a distribution

Answer 11

-how to calculate the probability of an outcome given an event range

Question 12

Ranges from a distribution

Answer 12

-uses probability distributions to find the event range that is consistent with a given probability

Question 13

Standard normal distribution

Answer 13

-mean of the standard normal distribution is zero
-the standard deviation of the standard normal distribution is one
-the x-axis is called the z-score, which is a scale that measures the number of of standard deviations from the mean

Question 14

Converting to standard normal distribution

Answer 14

-subtract the mean
-divide by the standard deviation