2-9: Eukaryotic Microbial Cells

Question 1

Eukaryotic cells contain…

Answer 1

Membrane bound compartments (organelles) = complexity/organization

Question 2

What is the nucleus

Answer 2

Separates genetic material (DNA) from the rest of the cell

Question 3

How do proteins related to DNA get to the nucleus

Answer 3

translocation

Question 4

What is the mitochondria

Answer 4

Energy center of the cell (site of respiration, ATP production)
Contains genomes, ribosomes
Evolved from alphaproteobacterium

Question 5

What is the role of the golgi complex and the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 5

Modifying and sorting proteins to be secreted from cell or translocated (in vesicles)
Glycosylation (adding sugars)

Question 6

What is the cytoskeleton

Answer 6

Dynamic protein filament network involved in cell shape, movement, transport within cell

Question 7

What is a vacuole

Answer 7

Stores nutrients or waste

Question 8

What are lysosomes

Answer 8

Specialized vacuoles containing enzymes that break down incoming nutrients

Question 9

What are chloroplasts

Answer 9

Found in phototrophs, contain machinery for photosynthesis

Question 10

What are vesicles

Answer 10

Compartment used to traffic materials around cell, into/out of cell, between organelles

Question 11

Do animal cells have cell walls

Answer 11

No, plants do

Question 12

What is saccharomyces cerevisiae

Answer 12

Model yeast organism, small/simple eukaryote

Question 13

What is LECA

Answer 13

Last eukaryotic common ancestor

Question 14

Limitation of eukaryotes compared to prokaryotes?

Answer 14

limited metabolic diversity

Question 15

What are the five eukaryotic subgroups

Answer 15

Archaeplastida, SAR clade, Excavates, amoebozoa, opisthokonta

Question 16

What is algae

Answer 16

Photosynthetic organisms that are not plants (some definitions include cyanobacteria)
Includes microbes and non-microbes
Use in biofuels? pigments, foods, fetilizers

Question 17

What are fungi

Answer 17

Include microbes (yeast) and non-microbes (mushrooms)
Microbial group most closely related to animals
Chitin cell walls

Question 18

What are amoeba

Answer 18

Single-celled eukaryotes

Question 19

What do amoeba use for locomotion, how do they work

Answer 19

Pseudopods
Temporary projections that stick out, “crawl” across surfaces

Question 20

What is a protist

Answer 20

Historical term used for euk that is not a plant, animal or fungus

Question 21

What is plankton

Answer 21

“drifters” diverse (not just microbes, not just euk)