our dynamic universe pt.2 Flashcards

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1
Q

the doppler effect

A

causes shifts in wavelengths of sound and light

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2
Q

redshift

A

light from objects moving away from us is shifted to longer wavelengths

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3
Q

redshift of a galaxy

A

the change in wavelength divided by the emitted wavelength, for slow moving galaxies, redshift is the ratio of the recessional velocity of the galaxy to the velocity of light

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4
Q

G

A

gravitational constant (6.67x10^-11Nm^2kg^-2)

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5
Q

plus or minus in the doppler effect

A

+ if it’s moving away, - if it’s moving towards

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6
Q

fo

A

observed frequency

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7
Q

fs

A

stationary frequency

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8
Q

v and vs

A

speed of sound and speed of the source

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9
Q

speed of sound

A

340m/s

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10
Q

red shift ratio

A

the ratio of change in wavelength to the rest wavelength, always between 0 and 1 with no units

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11
Q

what is the red shift ratio used for

A

to determine the velocity that a star is moving away from us

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12
Q

recessional velocity

A

the velocity that a star is moving away from us

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13
Q

the hubble constant graph

A

a straight line with gradient 1 with recessional velocity on the y axis and direction on the x axis

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14
Q

hubbles constant

A

2.3x10^-18

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15
Q

newtons inverse square law of gravitation

A

there is a force of attraction between any two objects in the universe

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16
Q

F=(Gm1m2)/r^2

A

m1 and m2 are the masses of the two objects, and r is the distance between them

17
Q

proof of the big bang theory

A

cosmic microwave background radiation, abundance of H and He

18
Q

if the scale is increased

A

the percentage uncertainty is less

19
Q

more distant galaxies are

A

moving away at a greater velocity

20
Q

how does redshift support the big bang theory

A

redshift is evidence the universe is expanding, expanding universe supports the big bang theory

21
Q

length contraction

A

the decrease in length of an object moving relative to an observer

22
Q

the orbital speed of the sun and other stars gives us

A

a way of determining the mass of our galaxy