Culture Flashcards
Define ‘culture’
A whole system of behaviour and beliefs.
May include language, music, morals, traditions, and lifestyles.
What’s an example of cultural diversity?
- The Hamar tribe, studied by Mead.
- They live in Ethiopia and to reach adulthood, the men must leap into the backs of cattle and run across them.
- Women are whipped before this to prove their devotion to men.
What are values?
- Beliefs and ideas society sees as important
- They are things we believe in and strive to achieve
E.g success, hygiene, and honesty
What are norms?
Expected patterns of behaviour that are based on values
E.g wearing clothes in UK, eating with a knife and fork, and obey laws
Where did Mead study gender roles?
In Samoa and New Guinea
What did Mead find in her study in three primary societies?
- In the Arapesh tribe, both men and women were gentle and cooperative
- In Mundugumor, both genders were violent and aggressive
- In Chambri, men and women had opposite gender expectations from those in US/UK
- She found alternative gender roles.
How may norms and value be reflected in school?
- Values: achievement, respect, conformity
- Norms: wearing the uniform, obeying, being punctual
- Capitalist norms can be perpetuated through the education system. Also ideas linking to nationality, like subjects such as English and History, which are often mainly seen through a white male lens in the uk.
- Marxists Bowles & Gintis who discuss the hidden curriculum and how the education is a ’giant myth making machine’ which brainwashed children into one fierce and an unquestioning attitude they would need in work. Pupils are taught to accept their place in society and how their achievements/failures are based on themself. Idea of everything being fair and based on merit.
How are norms and values relative?
- It is dependent on time, place, and circumstance.
- Heavily discussed by Marxists, Neo- Marxists, and Interactionists.
examples include… - homosexuality, smoking laws, alcohol, marijuana in the US…
How is the UK interculturally diverse?
Different age cultures, class cultures and regional cultures
How are subcultures defined?
‘A culture within a culture’
What is cultural diversity?
Variety or difference found in societies
What are the types of cultural diversity?
Intercultural diversity: differences between cultures
Intracultural diversity: differences within cultures
What is cultural hybridity?
The cross or merge is two or more cultures.
How is UK culture hybrid?
We are multicultural and are influenced by European culture and Asian culture.
Best seen in aspects of food music and fashion.
What are examples of hybrid culture?
‘Brasians’/ 2nd or 3rd gen immigrants who adopt hybrid identities, mixing with their parents culture and British culture.
