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ARDMS ABD REVIEW > Adrenal Glands > Flashcards

Adrenal Glands Flashcards

1
Q

A newborn in the ICU has suffered from brief anoxia at birth and is now suffering from jaundice. Superior to the right kidney, you visualize a triangular-shaped, heterogeneous mass. What is the most likely diagnosis?

adrenal hemorrhage
adrenal adenoma
pheochromocytoma
cushings

A

adrenal hemorrhage

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2
Q

all of the following are associated with Conn syndrome EXCEPT:

adrenal adenoma
HTN
excessive thirst
thinning arms and legs

A

thinning arms and legs

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3
Q

when internal bleeding is suspected, what laboratory value is most useful for a sonographer to evaluate?

hematocrit
blood urea nitrogen
androgenic hormone
alkaline phosphatase

A

hematocrit

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4
Q

which mass-like lesions may be associated with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and found within the testes?

adrenal adenomas
adrenal rests
pheochromocytomas
neuroblastomas

A

adrenal rests

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5
Q

the syndrome associated with HTN, hyperglycemia, obesity, and an adrenal mass is:

edwards syndrome
cushing syndrome
juliet syndrome
hirschsprung sybdrome

A

cushing syndrome

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6
Q

all of the following are true statements about the adrenal glands EXCEPT:

easily identified in the fetus
are exocrine glands
composed of medulla and cortex
referred to as suprarenal glands

A

adrenal glands are NOT exocrine glands, they are endocrine glands

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7
Q

the adrenal glands are surrounded by a connective tissue capsule called:

glisson capsule
adrenalocortical fascia
gerota fascia
glisson fascia

A

gerota fascia

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8
Q

the left suprarenal vein drains directly into the:

IVC
abdominal AO
celiac trunk
LRV

A

LRV

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9
Q

Conn syndrome results from:

low levels of cortisol
high levels of cortisol
high levels of aldosterone
low levels of epinephrine

A

high levels of aldosterone

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10
Q

with active internal hemorrhage, the patient’s hematocrit will:

increase
decrease
become stable
not change

A

decrease

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11
Q

which would result in buffalo hump and moon-shaped face clinical findings?

conn syndrome
addison disease
adrogenism
hypercorticolism

A

hypercortisolism

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12
Q

which types of glands release their hormones directly into the bloodstream?

endocrine
exocrine

A

endocrine

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13
Q

a localized collection of blood describes a:

hemangioma
hematoma
hypertoma
hydrocele

A

hematoma

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14
Q

what is the cause of cushing disease?

anterior pituitary gland tumor
adrenal hemorrhage
neuroblastoma
hyperaldosteronism

A

anterior pituitary gland tumor

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15
Q

the arterial blood supply to the adrenal glands is accomplished by means of the:

celiac trunk
subphrenic arteries
suprarenal arteries
SMA

A

suprarenal arteries

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16
Q

which has a clinical finding of bronzing of the skin?

addison disease
cushing disease
cushing syndrome
conn syndrome

A

addison disease

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17
Q

hyperfunctioning adrenal adenomas are associated with all of the following EXCEPT:

cushing syndrome
conn syndrome
hypoechoic mass
acute drop in hematocrit

A

acute drop in hematocrit

18
Q

which is also referred to as primary adrenocortical insufficiency?

conn syndrome
addison disease
cushing disease
congenital adrenal hyperplasia

A

addison disease

19
Q

the adrenal cortex produces all of the following EXCEPT:

cortisol
androgens
aldosterone
adrenaline

A

adrenaline

20
Q

which is produced by the adrenal medulla?

cortisol
aldosterone
norepinephrine
androgens

A

norepinephrine

21
Q

what is the term for low levels of sodium in the blood?

hypokalemia
hypopigmentation
hyponatremia
hypodisuria

A

hyponatremia

22
Q

which hormones are responsible for the “fight or flight” response?

epinephrine and norepinephrine
cortisol and androgens
cortisol and aldosterone
ACTH and aldosterone

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

23
Q

which is associated with hyponatremia?

cushing syndrome
conn syndrome
pheochromocytoma
addison disease

A

addison disease

24
Q

which best describes the location of the right adrenal gland?

posterior and lateral to the pancreas
medial to the lower pole of right kidney
posterior and lateral to the IVC
medial to the crus of the diaphragm

A

posterior and lateral to the IVC

25
Q

Upon sonographic examination of the RUQ on a 32 year old female patient complaining of generalized abdominal pain, you visualize an anechoic mass with posterior enhancement superior and medial to the upper pole of the right kidney. This most likely represents:

adrenal metastatic lesion
pheochromocytoma
neuroblastoma
adrenal cyst

A

adrenal cyst

26
Q

the right suprarenal vein drains directly into the:

IVC
abdominal AO
celiac trunk
LRV

A

IVC

27
Q

the adrenal mass often associated with uncontrollable HTN, tachycardia, and tremors is the:

neuroblastoma
adrenal hematoma
oncocytoma
pheochromocytoma

A

pheochromocytoma

28
Q

A 45 year old obese woman with thin arms and legs, HTN, and severe fatigue presents to the ultrasound department for an abdominal ultrasound. Based on these clinical findings, you should evaluate the adrenal glands closely for signs of:

addison cyst
adrenal hemorrhage
adrenal adenoma
neuroblastoma

A

adrenal adenoma

29
Q

the most common sonographic appearance of a pheochromocytoma is:

hyperechoic mass
hypoechoic mass
anechoic mass
complex mass

A

hyperechoic mass

30
Q

the most common, extracranial, malignant mass in children is the:

hepatoblastoma
hypernephroma
pheochromocytoma
neuroblastoma

A

neuroblastoma

31
Q

which is associated with hypernatremia?

cushing syndrome
conn syndrome
pheochromocytoma
addison disease

A

conn syndrome

32
Q

the most common sonographic appearance of a neuroblastoma is:

hyperechoic mass

heterogeneous mass with calcifications

anechoic mass

hypoechoic mass

A

heterogeneous mass with calcifications

33
Q

the neuroblastoma typically presents before the age of:

1 year
2 years
4 years
5 years

A

5 years

34
Q

which hormone is responsible for regulating BP by controlling the amounts of sodium and water in the body?

epinephrine
cortisol
aldosterone
ACTH

A

aldosterone

35
Q

which hormone, secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, controls the release of hormones by the adrenal glands?

epinephrine
cortisol
aldosterone
ACTH

A

ACTH

36
Q

all of the following are most likely a benign adrenal mass EXCEPT:

adrenal adenoma
neuroblastoma
pheochromocytoma
adrenal hematoma

A

neuroblastoma

37
Q

all of the following are clinical findings of a pheochromocytoma
EXCEPT:

bradycardia
uncontrollable HTN
excessive sweating
tremors

A

bradycardia

38
Q

which plays a part in the development of male characteristics?

androgens
cortisol
aldosterone
hematocrit

A

androgens

39
Q

the adrenal glands receive a portion of their blood supply from all of the following EXCEPT the:

suprarenal branches of the inferior phrenic arteries

suprarenal branches of the AO

suprarenal branches of the renal arteries

suprarenal branches of the celiac trunk

A

suprarenal branches of the celiac trunk

40
Q

all of the following are true statements about the adrenal glands EXCEPT:

the adrenal glands play an important role in BP regulation

the adrenal glands are easily identified in the fetus

the left adrenal gland is located lateral to the upper pole of the left kidney

the right adrenal gland is located medial to the right lobe of the liver

A

the left adrenal gland is NOT located lateral to the upper pole of the left kidney

it is located MEDIAL to the upper pole of the left kidney

41
Q

You are performing an abdominal ultrasound and suspect a left adrenal mass. Which may stimulate an adrenal mass?

thickened diaphragmatic crus
accessory spleen
gastric diverticulum
retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy
all of the above

A

all of the above

42
Q

which describes the correct anatomic relationship of the left adrenal gland?

superolateral to the left kidney

anterior to the pancreatic tail

lateral to the abdominal AO and diaphragmatic crus

inferior to the quadratus lumborum muscle

inferior and lateral to the splenic hilum

A

lateral to the abdominal AO and diaphragmatic crus

ARDMS ABD REVIEW (27 decks)

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