G & D: physical development

Question 1

Describe the physical growth for infants

Answer 1

• continuous rapid growth; birth-weight doubled by 6 months & tripled by 1 year
• height  by 30cm (1 ft) during 1st year
• posterior fontanel closes 2-4 months
• teeth start to erupt at 6 months

Question 2

Describe the physical growth for toddlers

Answer 2

• rate of growth slows & appetite decreases; birth-weight x4 by 3 yrs;
• reaches half adult height by 3 yrs
• anterior fontanel closes between 1-2 yrs
• completion of 20 deciduous teeth erupted by 3 yrs;
• proportions change with longer legs, smaller head; potbellied appearance with wide stance

Question 3

Describe the physical growth for preschoolers

Answer 3

• slow steady growth; weight gain 1.5-2.5 kg/year.
• height gain 4-6 cm/yr
• becomes slimmer, taller & more child-like in proportion

Question 4

Describe the physical growth for school agers

Answer 4

• slow steady growth with growth spurts in later stage (girls may have growth spurt 9-10 yrs; boys 10-11 yrs)
• weight gain 1.4-2.2 kg/yr
• height gain 4-6 cm/yr
• first deciduous tooth lost ~6yrs & permanent teeth erupt (22-26/32 teeth by age 12)
• maturing of immune system & organs

Question 5

Describe the physical growth for adolescents

Answer 5

• rapidly changing body with variation in age of growth spurt; growth spurt associated with physical pubertal changes (see Tanner stages)
• girls gain 7-25 kg; boys gain 7- 29 kg
• girls grow 2.5-20 cm; boys grow 11-30cm
• final eruption of permanent molars (now have 32 teeth) growth stops with closure of epiphyseal lines of long bones

Question 6

What are the fine motor skills of an infant?

Answer 6

holds hand in fist 0-1 month

plays with own fingers by 2-4 months

holds bottle by 4-6 months

pincer grasp well developed by 8-10 months

Question 7

What are the fine motor skills of a toddler?

Answer 7

can scribble & undress self by 1-2 years
can draw a circle & dress self by 2-3 years

Question 8

What are the fine motor skills of a preschooler?

Answer 8

uses scissors
draws 6-part person
eats with fork, spoon & knife
brushes teeth
buttons & able to tie shoes by 6yrs

Question 9

What are the fine motor skills of a school ager?

Answer 9

plays card & board games

does crafts

Question 10

What are the fine motor skills of a adolescent?

Answer 10

well-developed

Question 11

what are the gross motor skills of an infant?

Answer 11

lift head when prone 0-1 month

turn from side to back by 2-4 months

sits without support by 6-8 months

crawls or pulls body on floor with arms by 8-10 months

stands alone & walks holding onto furniture by 10-12 months

Question 12

What are the gross motor skills of a toddler?

Answer 12

runs & walks up & downstairs by 1-2 yr

jumps, kicks & throws ball overhand by 2-3 years

Question 13

What are gross motor skills of a preschooler?

Answer 13

climbs

rides tricycle

Question 14

What are gross motor skills of a school ager?

Answer 14

rides 2 wheel bike

skates

jumps rope

Question 15

What are gross motor skills of an adolescent?

Answer 15

lack of coordination during growth spurt

muscle development continues

Question 16

What is the sensory ability of an infant?

Answer 16

follows objects in line of vision at 0-1 month

turns head towards sound at 2-4 months

watches falling object at 4-6 months

recognizes own name at 6-8 months

may say one word in addition to “mama” & “dada” at 8-10 months

plays peek-a-boo at 10-12 months

Question 17

what is the sensory ability of a toddler?

Answer 17

visual acuity 20/50 by 1-2 yr

Question 18

What is the sensory ability of a preschooler?

Answer 18

can learn letters and numbers

Question 19

What is the sensory ability of school age?

Answer 19

reads, progressively longer concentration

Question 20

What is the sensory ability of an adolescent?

Answer 20

well developed