Ch 6: Deviance

Question 1

Deviance

Answer 1

Any transgression of established social norms.

Question 2

Statistical approach

Answer 2

Statistical minority is what is considered deviant

Question 3

Legalistic approach

Answer 3

Law breaking is deviant

Question 4

Normative approach

Answer 4

Mores, folkways, or any collectively disapproved act is deviant

Question 5

Sanctions

Answer 5

Punishments or penalties for deviance

Question 6

relativist perspective

Answer 6

acts aren’t inherently deviant but deviant if society considers them so

Question 7

absolutist perspecive

Answer 7

certain behaviors and acts are objectively, inherently deviant

Question 8

ethnocentrism

Answer 8

occurs when people evaluate other cultures based on their own

Question 9

conflict/critical perspective of deviance

Answer 9

emphasizes how social power determines what is considered deviant. used as a weapon against the vulnerable and used to preserve dominance of powerful groups.

Question 10

lombros

Answer 10

father of modern criminology who assosciated crime and deviance with avatism.

Question 11

functionalism

Answer 11

thinks a certaid amount of deviance is function and contributes to social cohension by enhancing sense of what is right and wrong

Question 12

anomie

Answer 12

a state in which society’s norms fail to regulate behavior. norms become unclear and fail to constrain deviant behavior in the face of rapid social changes.

Question 13

durkheims normative theory of sucicide

Answer 13

a societies integration and regulation create a spectrum which encourages or lessens suicide.

Question 14

Merton

Answer 14

asserted that people share a common understanding of goals and a legitimate mean for acheiving those goals.

Question 15

STRAIN THEORY

Answer 15

when a gap exists between cultural goals for success and means available to achieve them, deviance is high.

Question 16

conformists

Answer 16

accept goals of society and means of achieving them

Question 17

innovators

Answer 17

accept goals of society but look for innovative means of achieving them

Question 18

ritualists

Answer 18

not interested in the goals of society but accept the means of achieving them

Question 19

retreatists

Answer 19

don’t accept the goals or the means of achieving those goals

Question 20

rebels

Answer 20

don’t accept the goals or the means and create their own goals using new means

Question 21

opportunity theory

Answer 21

people differ in motivation to engage in deviant acts as well as opportunity to do so

Question 22

control theory

Answer 22

deviance arises from lack of social bonds and connections to others

Question 23

moral entrepeneurs

Answer 23

people who seek to change norms to align with their moral worldview

Question 24

class-dominant theory (conflict)

Answer 24

dominant class interests determine what is labeled deviant or criminal

Question 25

feminist perspective deviance

Answer 25

majority of research is done by and about males so female behavior which doesn’t align with that standardized by men is strigmatized

Question 26

symbolic interaction

Answer 26

the deviant label given after primary deviance leads to the internalization of the deviant label and results in secondary deviant behavior

Question 27

differential assosciation theory

Answer 27

deviant and criminal behaviors result from assosciating people with attitudes favorable to deviant or criminal behavior

Question 28

factors affecting differential assosciation theory

Answer 28

frequency, intensity, length, and chronology (of relationships)

Question 29

informal social control of deviance

Answer 29

unofficial means of sanctioning deviance in everyday interactions

Question 30

formal social control

Answer 30

attempts to officially sanction certain behaviors and visibly punish others

Question 31

rising prison population

Answer 31

crime isnt rising but prison populations are. 3 reasons: madatory minimum sentencing, “three strikes” laws, war on drugs.

Question 32

descrimination

Answer 32

more whites arrested for crimes but poc more likely to serve time in prison or jail

Question 33

moral panic

Answer 33

exaggerated, widespread fear of public morality. typically blames a specific group, called “folk devils”

Question 34

5 techniques of neutralization which deviants use to maintain a positive self concept

Answer 34

1. denial of responsibility
2. denial of injury
3. denial of victim
4. condemning the condemners
5. appealing to higher loyaltis

Question 35

denial of responsibility

Answer 35

offenders cope by claiming they are not to blame

Question 36

denial of injury

Answer 36

cope by saying the act did no harm or they had no intention of doing harm

Question 37

denial of victim

Answer 37

acknowledge their act was harmful but refuse to acknowledge a victim making it less of a burden on their conscience

Question 38

condemning the condemners

Answer 38

offenders direct attention to those judging them instead of reflecting on their own behaviors

Question 39

appealing to higher loyalities

Answer 39

offenders claim their act was necessary to honor their group/ organization