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Law > Microbiology & Pathology > Flashcards

Microbiology & Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 signs of inflammation?

A

Heat, swelling, pain, redness and loss of function

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2
Q

What is the name of the ulcer often associated with stress, vitamin deficiency and/or poor nutrition?

A

Aphthous ulcers

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3
Q

What are the dentally relevant infections?

A

Dental caries
Periodontal disease
Denture stomatitis
Herpes simplex

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4
Q

Which dentally related cyst develops around an impacted, unerupted tooth?

A

Dentigerous cyst

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5
Q

Which dentally related cyst develops around the tooth apex?

A

Periapical cyst

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6
Q

Which dentally related cyst is produced after trauma to minor salivary glands and usually occurs on the lower lip?

A

Mucocele

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7
Q

Which bacteria is initially found in dental caries as the cavity first forms?

A

Streptococcus mutans

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8
Q

Which bacteria is found within an established carious lesion, as deeper tooth tissues become infected?

A

Lactobacillus

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9
Q

Which bacteria is associated with skin boils and gingival boils?

A

Staphlococci

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10
Q

Which 4 bacteria are associated with periodontal disease? The bacterial infection of the supporting structures of the teeth (gingivae, periodontal ligament, cementum, alveolar bone).

A

Actinomyces
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Prevotella intermedia
Treponema denticola

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11
Q

What 3 natural lines of defence against pathogens does a healthy body have?

A

Intact skin and mucous membrane
Surface secretions
Inflammatory response

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12
Q

Which type of immunity is present from birth by being randomly inherited?

A

Natural immunity

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13
Q

Which type of immunity is present from birth and is specifically inherited directly from the mother’s own pool of antibodies and antitoxins?

A

Passive immunity

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14
Q

Which type of immunity occurs after being given a harmless dose of a pathogen or overcoming a pathogen attack?

A

Acquired immunity

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15
Q

What is a cyst formation within the jaw bone called?

A

Alveolar bone cyst

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16
Q

Name the condition associated with acute bacterial infection if the soft tissues (operculum) of a partially erupted tooth.

A

Pericoronitis

17
Q

What is the name of the bacterial infection of the bony walls of an extraction socket (also called ‘dry socket’)?

A

Localised osteitis

18
Q

What is the name of the bacterial infection spreading from a tooth into the surrounding deep soft tissue structures?

A

Cellulitis

19
Q

Which antibiotic is referred to as a ‘broad-spectrum antibiotic’?

A

Amoxicillin

20
Q

Which antibiotic is used against anaerobic bacteria often associated with pericoronitis, periodontal disease and acute ulcerative necrotising gingivitis?

A

Metronidazole

21
Q

Which antibiotic is an alternative for penicillin and its derivatives given to patients who are allergic?

A

Erythromycin

22
Q

What antibiotic can be used against the spread of infection in periconronitis and cellulitis, and to prevent secondary infection after oral surgery procedures?

A

Penicillin

23
Q

Which antibiotic is used as a prophylactic alternative against infective endocarditis in patients allergic to amoxicillin?

A

Clindamycin

24
Q

What antiviral drug is used to treat herpes simples type I virus (cold sores)?

A

Aciclovir antiviral cream

25
Q

Name 4 antifungals used to treat infections caused by the fungus Candida albicans.

A

Fluconazole
Nystatin
Amphotericin
Miconazole

26
Q

Which analgesic reduces body temperature when fever is present (has antipyretic properties)?

A

Paracetamol

27
Q

Which analgesic is anti-inflammatory and should not be given to asthmatics?

A

Ibuprofen

28
Q

Which analgesic is anti-inflammatory, an anticoagulant (so must not be given after surgical procedures) and must be avoid by asthmatics and children under 16 because of the rate complication of Reye’s syndrome (fatal brain disease)?

A

Aspirin

29
Q

Name 3 dentally related diseases caused by the fungal infection Candida albicans.

A

Oral thrush
Denture stomatitis
Angular cheilitis

30
Q

Name 3 congenital/ developmental defects (genetic mutations or inherited conditions).

A

Cleft lip or palate
Hypodontia - absence of some teeth
Amelogenesis imperfect - defect of tooth formation

Law (4 decks)

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