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Kimmy: Nervous System > LESSON 3 > Flashcards

LESSON 3 Flashcards

1
Q

2 principal kinds of cells

A

neuroglia
neuron

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2
Q

the “nerve glue” or the cells that support the neurons of the CNS

A

NEUROGLIA

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3
Q

-glia means

A

glue

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4
Q

Function of neuroglia

A

support
insulation
nutrition
protection

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5
Q

6 types of neuroglia

A

SESAMO:
schwann cells
ependymal
satellite cells
astrocytes
microglia
oligodendrocytes

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6
Q

astro means

A

star

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7
Q

-cyte means

A

cell

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8
Q
  • star-shaped cells with many processes
A

astrocytes

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9
Q

2 types of astrocytes

A

protoplasmic
fibrous

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10
Q
  • astrocytes with many short branching processes (location: gray matter)
A

protoplasmic astrocytes

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11
Q
  • long unbranched processes (location: mainly
    white matter)
A

fibrous astrocytes

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12
Q
  • help to maintain the appropriate chemical environment for the generation of nerve impulses.
A

astrocytes

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13
Q
  • Also play a role in learning and memory by influencing the formation of neural synapses
A

astrocytes

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14
Q

Help forms the Blood Brain Barrier

A

astrocytes

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15
Q

it restricts the movement of substances between the blood and interstitial fluid of the CNS

A

blood-brain barrier

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16
Q

3 components of BBB

A
  • astrocytes and astrocytic feet/processes
  • capillary basement membrane/basal lamina with embedded pericytes
  • tight junction between overlapping endothelial cells of the brain capillaries
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17
Q

encircle the capillaries secrete chemicals that maintain the permeability characteristics of the tight junctions

A

astrocytes and astrocytic feet/processes

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18
Q

cover the basal lamina of the endothelium and
contribute to the structural integrity of the BBB

A

pericytes

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19
Q

Substances may cross the BBB primarily by two mechanisms:

A

paracellular transport
transcellular transport

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20
Q

oligo means

A

few

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21
Q

o-dendro means

A

trees

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22
Q

these resemble astrocytes but are smaller and contain fewer processes

A

oligodendrocytes

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23
Q

Give support by forming semi-rigid connective tissue rows between neurons in the CNS

A

oligodendrocytes

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24
Q

Produce phospho-lipid for the myelin sheath around axons of neurons in the CNS - responsible for forming and maintaining the myelin sheath around CNS axons

A

oligodendrocytes

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25
Q

These neuroglia are small cells with slender processes that give off numerous spinelike projections

A

microglia/brain macrophages/microglial cells

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26
Q

act as macrophages

A

microglia

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27
Q

epen means

A

above

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28
Q

-dym means

A

garment

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29
Q

cuboidal to columnar cells arranged in a single layer that possess microvilli and cilia

A

ependymal cells

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30
Q

FUNCTION:
a. Form a continuous epithelial lining for the ventricles of the brain & the central canal of the spinal cord
b. Assist in the formation & circulation of CSF in the ventricles of the brain & the central canal of the spinal cord

A

ependymal cells

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31
Q

outer nucleated cytoplasmic layer of the schwann cell which encloses the myelin sheath

A

neurolemma

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32
Q

participate in axon regeneration, which is more easily
accomplished in the PNS than in the CNS

A

Schwann cells

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33
Q
  • form myelin sheath around axons of neurons of the peripheral nervous system
A

schwann cells

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34
Q

These flat cells surround the cell bodies of neurons of PNS ganglia

A

satellite cells

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35
Q

Function:
a. Provides structural support,
b. Regulate the exchanges of materials between neuronal cell bodies and interstitial fluid

A

satellite cells

36
Q

e basic functional unit of the nervous system. They are the primary cells of the nervous system

A

neuron/nerve cells

37
Q

Its primary function is the conduction of
impulses from one part of the body to another

A

neuron/nerve cells

38
Q

Nerve impulses travel at speeds ranging

A

0.5-130 meters per second (1-290 mi/hr)

39
Q

fuel source for neurons

A

glucose

39
Q

fuel source for neurons

A

glucose

39
Q

fuel source for neurons

A

glucose

40
Q

highly specialized cells

A

neuron

41
Q

The main portion of a neuron and contains a nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm

A

cell body

42
Q

The main portion of a neuron and contains a nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm

A

cell body

43
Q
  • clusters of rough ER and free ribosomes
  • site of protein synthesis in neurons
A

Nissl bodies

43
Q
  • clusters of rough ER and free ribosomes
  • site of protein synthesis in neurons
A

Nissl bodies

44
Q

cytoskeleton of the cell body that gives cell shape and support

A

neurofibril

45
Q

assist movement of material to and from the cell body and axon

A

microtubules

45
Q

assist movement of material to and from the cell body and axon

A

microtubules

46
Q

assist movement of material to and from the cell body and axon

A

microtubules

47
Q
  • yellow brown granules in the cytoplasm
  • can be found in aging neurons that is result of accumulated neuronal lysosomes
A

Lipofuscin

47
Q
  • yellow brown granules in the cytoplasm
  • can be found in aging neurons that is result of accumulated neuronal lysosomes
A

Lipofuscin

48
Q
  • yellow brown granules in the cytoplasm
  • can be found in aging neurons that is result of accumulated neuronal lysosomes
A

Lipofuscin

49
Q
  • short with often highly branching cytoplasmic extension
  • the receiving or input portions of a neuron
A

dendrites

50
Q
  • long thin, cylindrical projection that joins the cell body at a cone-shaped elevation called axon hillock
A

axon

51
Q

part of the axon closest to the axon hillock

A

initial segment

52
Q

cytoplasm of axon

A

axoplasm

53
Q

plasma membrane surrounding the axoplasm

A

axolemma

54
Q

side branches along the length of an axon, typically at a right angle to the axon

A

axon collateral

55
Q

a multi-layered lipid and protein covering of an axon
which insulates the axon and increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction

A

myelin sheath

56
Q

impulse propagation/transmission that skips
from node to node, providing rapid transmission of impulses

A

saltatory conduction

57
Q

unmyelinated gaps between segments of the myelin
sheath

A

node of ranvier

58
Q

fine processes where the axon/axon collaterals end

A

axon terminal/axon telodendria

59
Q

bulb-shaped structures at the tips of axon terminal

A

synaptic end bulbs

60
Q

membrane-enclosed sacs of the synaptic end bulbs
which store neurotransmitters

A

synaptic vesicles

61
Q

Classification of neurons according to structure:

A

Unipolar, bipolar neurons, multipolar neurons

62
Q

-most common
-multiple dendrites, one axon
-example: neurons in the CNS

A

multipolar neurons

63
Q
  • have 2 distinct processes: one main dendrite and one axon arising from the cell body
  • very rare types of neurons
  • example: sensory receptor cells in some special sense organs
A

bipolar neurons

64
Q
  • are made up of only one projection from the cell body
A
64
Q
  • are made up of only one projection from the cell body
  • short neurons
A

unipolar

65
Q

classification of neurons according to function

A
  • sensory/afferent
  • motor/efferent
66
Q
  • are structurally multipolar, carry impulses from the CNS
    to other parts of the body to effectors (muscles and glands) in the periphery through cranial or spinal nerves
A

motor neurons

67
Q
  • They receive stimuli/info from either the internal or external environment thru the AFFERENT/SENSORY nerve pathways
A

sensory neuron

68
Q
  • that are also structurally multipolar
  • interprets/process the information received in order to determine appropriate response to take
A

interneuron/connecting neurons

69
Q
  • a universal term for any neuronal process (extension)
    whether dendrite or axon, that emerges from the cell body of a neuron.
A

nerve fiber

70
Q

bundle of many nerve fibers

A

nerve

71
Q

cluster of cell bodies in the CNS

A

nuclei

72
Q

small groups of nervous tissue containing primarily of cell bodies which are found in the PNS

A

GANGLIA

73
Q

bundle of nerve fibers in the CNS

A

tract

74
Q

connective tissue sheaths:

A
  • endoneurium
  • perineurium
  • epineurium
75
Q
  • are thin connective tissue sheath that surrounds each nerve fiber/axon
A

endoneurium

76
Q
  • surrounds bundles of axons known as fascicles
A

perineurium

77
Q
  • surround an entire nerve
A

epineurium

78
Q
  • conduct nerve impulses from the skin, skeletal
    muscles and joints to the CNS
A

General somatic afferent fibers

79
Q
  • conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscle
A

General somatic efferent fibers

80
Q
  • conduct nerve impulses from the viscera and blood vessels to the CNS
A

General Visceral Afferent Fibers

81
Q
  • convey nerve impulses from the CNS TO HELP CONTRACTIONS OF SMOOTH AND CARDIAC MUSCLES AND RATE OF SECRETION OF GLANDS
A

General Visceral Efferent fibers

Kimmy: Nervous System (8 decks)

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