Chap 2 - Ethical Principles

Question 1

Greek origin of Autonomy

Answer 1

Autos - self & Nomos - Rule, governance, law

Question 2

Refers to freedom from external control. Right to accept or refuse any treatment. Right to self determination

Answer 2

Autonomy

Question 3

Is the right of patient’s to make decisions about their medical care without their healthcare provider trying to influence the decision. It allows for healthcare providers to educate the patient but does not allow the healthcare provider to decide for the patient

Answer 3

Patient Autonomy

Question 4

They said that respect for autonomy behooves allowing people to make decisions about themselves for themselves.

Answer 4

Beauchamp and Childress

Question 5

Are those basic rule of conduct between patients and medical caregivers as well as the institutions and people that support them

Answer 5

Patient’s right

Question 6

Is anyone who has requested to be evaluated by or who is being evaluated by any healthcare professional

Answer 6

Patient

Question 7

All patients regardless of their means or healthcare challenges, should expect to be treated respectfully and without discrimination by their providers, practitioners, and payers.

Answer 7

The right to be treated with respect

Question 8

This provides patients a right to obtain a copy of their medical records including doctors notes, medical test results and other documentation related to their care.

Answer 8

The right to obtain medical records

Question 9

This outlines who else, beside the patient, may obtain patients records, and for what purposes.

Answer 9

The right to privacy of medical records

Question 10

As long as the patients are considered to be of sound mind it is both their right and responsibilities to know about the options available for treatments of their medical conditions and then make the choice they feel is right for them.

Answer 10

The right to make a treatment choice

Question 11

No reputable practitioner or facility that performs test procedures or treatments will do so without asking the patient or his guardian to sign a consent form.

Answer 11

The right to informed consent

Question 12

A patient may refuse treatment as long as he or she was considered to be capable of making sound decisions or he or she made the decision when he or she was of sound mind through written expression.

Answer 12

The right to refuse treatment

Question 13

A patient may make and legally record his or her decisions about how their lives will end including life preserving measures like the use of feeding tubes or ventilators.

Answer 13

The right to make decisions about end-of-life care

Question 14

Talking and private with the patient or simply closing the curtain when doing your care respects the patient’s right of ——.

Answer 14

Privacy

Question 15

The patient has the right to choose a provider and plans.

Answer 15

Autonomy

Question 16

Patient has the right to participate and treatment decision.

Answer 16

Treatment refusal

Question 17

Patient has the responsibility to provide information about any medications he or she takes and his or her past illnesses.

Answer 17

Information or consumer responsibilities

Question 18

Patient has the right to receive an accurate and easily understandable information about health plans health professionals and health care facilities.

Answer 18

Education or information disclosure

Question 19

Restraint should only be used as the last resort especially if a patient is in danger to hurt himself or herself and others. This is usually ordered by a physician

Answer 19

Not to be restrained

Question 20

Patients healthcare information should be protected at all times.

Answer 20

To be treated with confidentiality

Question 21

Patients have the right to access emergency services, they have the right to be screened and stabilized using emergency services whenever and wherever they need them, without having to wait for authorization, and without any financial penalty

Answer 21

Services

Question 22

Is a document that provides patients with information on how they can reasonably expect to be treated during the course of their treatment or hospital stay. Not legally-binding.

Answer 22

Patient’s Bill of rights, recently renamed Patient Care Partnership

Question 23

Is necessary for admission to a health care agency and basic procedures such as intravenous central line insertion, surgery, some treatment programs such as chemotherapy and participation in research studies.

Answer 23

Patient’s signed consent form

Question 24

A general consent form for treatment when admitted to a health care agency or other healthcare facility.

Answer 24

Patient’s sign

Question 25

Needs to sign separate special consent or treatment forms before performance of a specialized procedure.

Answer 25

Patient tor Patient’s representative

Question 26

Advocates that it is the right and responsibilities of every competent individual to advance their welfare. This right and responsibility is exercised by freely and voluntarily given consent, a designating agreement or refusal to undergo any procedures or treatments based on sufficient knowledge of the benefits, burdens and risk involved.

Answer 26

Principle of Informed Consent

Question 27

Four Principles or requirement of Informed consent are as follows:

Answer 27

Decision-making capacity; Documentation of consent; Disclosure of information; Comprehension of information.

Question 28

Three essential conditions fulfilled upon meeting the four principles:

Answer 28

Voluntary; Understanding; Deliberate

Question 29

In healthcare perspective, it is a patient’s agreement to have a medical procedure after receiving full disclosure of risk benefits alternatives and consequences or refusal.

Answer 29

Informed consent

Question 30

Are usually the legal guardians of pediatric patients, though the court sometimes intervenes for the child’s behalf.

Answer 30

Parents

Question 31

Three conditions of emergencies justifying treatment without informed consent

Answer 31

The patient must be incapable of giving consent and no lawful surrogate is available to give the consent.

There is danger to life or danger of a serious impairment of health.

Immediate treatment is necessary to avert these dangers

Question 32

They retain the right to refuse treatment until a court as determined legally that they are incompetent to decide for themselves.

Answer 32

Patients with mental illness must also give consent

Question 33

Its primary function is the protection of the patient’s right of self-determination to accept the proposed treatment. This right is contingent on the assumption that the patient is free to decide what will be done with their body.

Answer 33

Informe consent

Question 34

Allows one person to make decisions for another; assists person to make decisions when they do not have sufficient data or expertise. For example the healthcare provider decides what is the best for the patient.

Answer 34

Paternalism

Question 35

Involves acting without consent or overriding a person’s wishes, wants, or actions in order to benefit the patient or at least to prevent harm to the patient

Answer 35

Paternalism

Question 36

Two elements of Paternalism

Answer 36

The absence of consent or even the overriding of consent;

The beneficent motive (the welfare of the patient).

Question 37

The type of paternalism which attempts to overrule or override the wishes of a competent person.

Answer 37

Strong or extended paternalism

Question 38

The type of paternalism in which consent is missing or the healthcare provider overrules or overrides the wishes of an incompetent or a doubtfully competent patient.

Answer 38

Weak or limited/restricted Paternalism

Question 39

Is sometimes called cooperative paternalism when one of its purposes is to restore the person’s competence so that the patient may give informed consent.

Answer 39

Weak Paternalism

Question 40

Involves the usurpation- that is the coercive seizure- of the patient’s right to make decisions.

Answer 40

Strong Paternalism