Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy & Physiology > Unit 3: Introduction to the Integument System > Flashcards

Unit 3: Introduction to the Integument System Flashcards

1
Q

What type of epithelial cell is the epidermis made up of?

A

stratified squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does the avascular epidermis receive its nutrients and O2?

A

the dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two types of epidermis?

A

thick and thin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many layers are in thick skin?

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many layers are in thin skin?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is thick skin usually located?

A

palms of hands and soles of feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?

A
  • stratum corneum
  • stratum lucidum
  • stratum granulosum
  • stratum spinosum
  • stratum germinativum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Stratum Corneum

A

15-30 layer of dead keratinized cells, produce glycolipids (or oils) the make the surface water resistant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Stratum Lucidum

A

clear dead cells filled with keratin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Stratum Granulosum

A

flattened cells that produce keratin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Stratum Spinosum

A

cells that are filled with pre-keratin proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Stratum Germinativum

A

contains stem cells and melanocytes forms epidermal ridges and dermal papillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Keratin

A

a durable, H2O-resistant protein that also forms hair & nails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Epidermal ridges

A

extend into dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Dermal papillae

A

extend toward surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dermis

A

consists of connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the two layers of the dermis?

A

the papillary and reticular layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Papillary layer (contains 4 things)

A

contains contains capillaries, lymphatics, pain & touch receptors, collagen & elastin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Reticular Layer (contains 4 things)

A

contains larger vessels, nerve fibers, pressure receptors, collagen & elastin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)

A

anchors skin, absorbs shock, provides insulation, stores energy, where injections occur with hypodermic needles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which layer of skin are tattoos embedded in?

A

the dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is in the dermis?

A

collagen fibers, nerves, glands, and blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the role of the inflammatory response concerning tattoos?

A

Some macrophages trying to get rid of the ink get stuck and have no where to move making it visible on the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the 2 pigments in the skin?

A

Melanin and carotene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Carotene

A

orange-yellow and converted to vitamin A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Melanin

A

brown or black, stored in melanosomes produced by melanocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the function of melanin?

A

to protect skin by absorbing ultraviolet (UV) radiation

28
Q

What are the positives and negatives of UV light’s abilities?

A
  • allows for the synthesis of vitamin D3
  • Folic Acid will eventually be depleted
29
Q

Where are melanocytes located?

A

in the deepest layer of the epidermis (stratum germinativum)

30
Q

How does melanin travel?

A

toward the surface within melanosomes

31
Q

What happens when blood vessels dilate?

A

erythema (skin reddens)

32
Q

What happens when blood supply to the surface decreases?

A

pallor/blanching (skin pales)

33
Q

Cyanosis

A

bluish skin tint caused by severe decrease in blood flow or oxygenation

34
Q

Jaundice

A

yellow color caused by liver dysfunction

35
Q

Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol)

A

produced from cholesterol by epidermal cells in presence of UV rays

36
Q

What hormone is Vitamin D3 converted into by the kidney?

A

calcitriol

37
Q

What are the 6 functions of the integumentary system?

A
  • Protection
  • Prevent H2O loss
  • Temp. regulation
  • Production
  • Sensory reception
  • Secretion & Excretion
38
Q

What are the layers (3) and structures of the integumentary system?

A

Layers:
Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis
Structures:
hair, nails, exocrine glands

39
Q

What types of cells are in the dermis?

A
  • connective tissue (loose and dense)
  • nerve cells
  • hair cells
40
Q

What types of cells are in the hypodermis?

A
  • connective tissue cells
41
Q

What is the benefit of the epidermal ridges and dermal papillae that form between the epidermis and dermis?

A

they increase surface area for diffusion

42
Q

What type of tissue is the papillary layer made from?

A

loose connective tissue

43
Q

What types of tissue is the reticular layer made from?

A

dense connective tissue

44
Q

What type of tissue does the hypodermis consist of?

A

adipose tissue

45
Q

How does the integumentary system support the skeletal system?

A
  • calcitriol is produced from being converted from Vitamin D3
  • allows for calcium and phosphorous to absorbed by digestive system
  • strengthens bones
46
Q

What can mutations as a result of UV light lead to?

A

cancer

47
Q

What does calcitriol do as a hormone?

A

allows for digestive absorption of calcium and phosphorus

48
Q

What are the three types of skin cancer?

A
  • basal cell carcinoma
  • squamous cell carcinoma
  • melanoma
49
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A
  • most common skin cancer
  • found in exposed areas of the skin
  • rarely spreads
  • highest risk people are those with fair hair and skin
50
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A
  • sometimes spreads, but generally curable
  • usually appears after 50
  • common in African-American community
51
Q

Melanoma

A
  • rarest type of cancer
  • develops in new or preexisting moles, can cause death
  • common in people below 30
52
Q

What do glands help with?

A

inhibiting bacterial growth and flushing microorganisms

53
Q

What happens when arrector pili muscles contract?

A

goosebumps

54
Q

What is the function of hair?

A
  • Protects head, eyes, airways
  • guards eyes, nose, & ears against foreign particles
  • sensitive to very light touch (warning system)
55
Q

What is the function of nails?

A

protect the sensitive tips of fingers and toes

56
Q

Apocrine Sweat Glands

A
  • sticky, cloudy secretion
  • can cause odors
  • armpits, groin, & nipples
57
Q

Merocrine (Eccrine) Sweat Glands

A
  • cools the body
  • contains H2O, salts, lactic acid, waste products (urea), dermicidin (antibiotic)
  • flushes microorganisms & chemicals from skin
58
Q

Sebaceous Glands

A
  • discharge sebum into hair follicles or directly onto skin
  • lubricates hair & skin
  • inhibits bacterial growth
  • acne develops when ducts are blocked & sebum accumulates beneath skin surface
59
Q

What specialized apocrine gland produces milk?

A

mammary gland

60
Q

What is in the perspiration from the eccrine gland?

A

water, salt, waste products (urea), antibiotic (dermcidin)

61
Q

First-Degree Burn (what is killed, injured, and feeling/appearance)

A
  • superficial cells of epidermis
  • deeper layers of epidermis, papillary dermis
  • inflamed, tender
62
Q

Second-Degree Burn (what is killed, injured, and feeling/appearance)

A
  • superficial and deeper layers of the epidermis, possibly the dermis
  • could extend to reticular layer, but accessory structures are not damaged
  • blisters, very painful
63
Q

Third-Degree Burn (what is killed, injured, and feeling/appearance)

A
  • all epidermal and dermal cells
  • hypodermis and deeper tissues and organs
  • charred no sensation
64
Q

What happens to the integumentary system as you age?

A

Activity decreases

65
Q

What the 6 things that start to decrease in the integumentary system as you age?

A
  • collagen and elastin
  • production of Vitamin D3
  • sebaceous gland activity
  • sweat gland activity
  • melanin production
  • blood supply

Anatomy & Physiology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions