Gene expression

Question 1

Allele

Answer 1

An alternate form of a gene (e.g blue eyes)

Question 2

Chromosome

Answer 2

A long molecule of DNA

Question 3

Gene

Answer 3

A length of DNA that codes for a particular trait (e.g eye colour)

Question 4

DNA

Answer 4

It’s a double helix that contains the genetic code. It’s made up of sugar, phosphate and nucleotide.

Question 5

Phentoype

Answer 5

Is the physical expression of a trait

Question 6

Gentoype

Answer 6

The genetic material of a trait

Question 7

DNA triplet

Answer 7

A series of 3 bases in DNA, each triplet codes for a specific amino acid.

Question 8

Ribosome

Answer 8

An organelle where translation (the making of proteins) takes place

Question 9

mRNA

Answer 9

A single stranded copy of a gene, that carries the genetic code from the nucleus to a ribosome. `

Question 10

Transcription

Answer 10

The process of making mRNA from DNA.

Question 11

Translation

Answer 11

The process of making a protien from mRNA

Question 12

Template strand

Answer 12

A single strand of DNA where complimentary nucleotides are added to make mRNA

Question 13

tRNA

Answer 13

A type of RNA with an anticodon on one end and a specific amino acid attached to the other end.

Question 13

Mutation

Answer 13

A permanent change in the base sequence of DNA, that may result in new alleles.

Question 14

Enzyme

Answer 14

A type of protien which functions as biological catalyst to speed ip reactions inside living things.

Question 15

Substrate

Answer 15

The reactant that is catlysed bya specific enzyme

Question 16

Base substitution mutation

Answer 16

Is a form of mutation where a single nucleotide base is replaced or substituted with another.

Question 17

Same-sense

Answer 17

The substituted base does not cause a change in the amino acid sequence

Question 18

Missense

Answer 18

Causes a change in the amino acid sequence, but does not cause a change in the shape or function of the protein.

Question 19

Nonsense

Answer 19

Substituted base results in the production of a stop codon, has a severe impact on the protein formed.

Question 20

Single base insertion

Answer 20

A form of DNA mutation where one base is added into the DNA chain, changing the genetic code dramatically.

Question 21

Single base deletion

Answer 21

A form of DNA mutation where one base is removed from the DNA chain, and lost forever.

Question 22

Reading frame-shift

Answer 22

A genetic mutation caused by a deletion or insertion of a base in a DNA sequence that shifts the way the sequence is read (in triplets).

Question 23

Examples of mutagens

Answer 23

Chemicals
Ultraviolet Light
Radiation

Question 24

Silent (or Neutral) mutation

Answer 24

Which has no observable effects on an organism.

Question 25

Beneficial mutation

Answer 25

The individual has a survival advantage that the other member of its species doesn’t.

Question 26

Harmful mutation

Answer 26

Detrimental to an organism and affects its survival.

Question 27

Somatic cells
Examples

Answer 27

May affect the individual in its lifetime though not be passed on to the next generation.
Skin cells and liver cells

Question 28

Gametic cells
Examples

Answer 28

Is pass on to the next generation and may affect the survival of the offspring.
Sperm cells and egg cells

Question 29

Effect of the environment

Answer 29

Gentotype + Environment = Phenotype