Structure Of The Upper Respiratory Tract Flashcards
What are Functions of The Nose?
Temperature of inspired air (0.25 second contact)
Humidity (75-80% RH)
Filter function
Defence function
Cilia take inhaled particulates backwards to be swallowed
What do Anterior Nares in the nose open into?
Vestibule
- Skin lined
- Stiff hairs
How is the surface area of the nose doubled?
Doubled by turbinates
What do Turbinates create?
Superior meatus
- Olfactory epithelium
- Cribriform plate
- Sphenoid sinus
Middle meatus
- Sinus openings
Inferior meatus
- Nasolacrimal duct
What are paranasal sinuses?
Pneumatised areas of the;
- Frontal
- Maxillary
- Ethmoid
- Sphenoid bones
Arranged in pairs
Evagination of mucous membrane from the nasal cavity
What are the frontal sinuses?
Within frontal bone
Midline septum
Over orbit and across superciliary arch
Nerve supply – ophthalmic division of V nerve
What are the maxillary sinuses?
Located within the body of the maxilla
Pyramidal shape
Base – lateral wall of the nose
Apex – zygomatic process of the maxilla
Roof – floor of the orbit
Floor – alveolar process
Open into the middle meatus
Hiatus semilunaris
What are the ethmoid sinuses?
Between the eyes
Labyrinth of air cells
Semilunar hiatus of the middle meatus
Nerve supply - ophthalmic and maxillary V nerve
What are the sphenoid sinuses?
Medial to the cavernous sinus
Carotid artery, III,IV, V, VI
Inferior to optic canal, dura and pituitary gland
Empties into sphenoethmoidal recess, lateral to the attachment of the nasal septum
Nerve supply – ophthalmic V
What is the Pharynx?
Fibromuscular tube lined with epithelium
Squamous and columnar ciliated, mucous glands
Skull base C6 Oesophagus
Anterior Nasal Cavities, mouth and larynx
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx (hypopharynx)
What is the nasopharynx?
Bounded by
base of skull
Sphenoid rostrum
C Spine
Posterior nose (choana)
Inferiorly at soft palate opens to
oropharynx
Eustachian tube orifices (lateral wall)
Supply air to middle ear
Pharyngeal tonsils on posterior wall
What is the oropharynx?
Soft palate anteriorly
Palatine tonsils on the lateral walls
Palatoglossal folds
Palatopharyngeal folds
Inferiorly to the hyoid bone
What is the larynx?
- Valvular function
Prevents liquids and food from entering lung - Rigid structure
- 9 cartilages
- Multiple muscles
- Arytenoid cartilages rotate on the cricoid cartilage to change vocal cords
What are laryngeal cartilages?
Single
- Epiglottis
- Thyroid
- Cricoid
Double
- Cuneiform
- Corniculate
- Arytenoid
What is laryngeal innervation?
The vagus (X)
Superior laryngeal nerve
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Superior laryngeal nerve
Inferior ganglion
Lateral pharyngeal wall
Divides into
Internal
Sensation
External
Cricothyroid muscle
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
All muscles except cricothyroid
R and L different
Left
lateral to arch of aorta, loops under aorta, ascends between trachea and oesophagus
Right
R Subclavian artery, plane between trachea and oesophagus
