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Biology > Unit 3b review > Flashcards

Unit 3b review Flashcards

1
Q

Main purpose for photosynthesis?

A

to capture energy from sunlight to make sugars that store chemical energy

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2
Q

What type of organisms carry out photosynthesis?

A

plants

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3
Q

What is the main pigment that allows for photosynthesis to occur?

A

a green pigment called chlorophyll

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4
Q

In what organelles does photosynthesis occur?

A

chloroplasts

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5
Q

grana-
thylakoids-
stroma-

A

1) stacks of coin shaped membrane enclosed compartments called thylakoids
2)contain chlorophyll, other light absorbing molecules, and proteins
3) fluid that surrounds the grana inside a chloroplast

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6
Q

Two stages of photosynthesis

A

light dependent reactions
light independent reactions

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7
Q

two reactants of photosynthesis

A

carbon dioxide, water

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8
Q

two products of photosynthesis

A

oxygen, glucose

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9
Q

chemical equation for photosynthesis

A

write down

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10
Q

Another name for light independent reactions in photosynthesis?

A

Calvin cycle

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11
Q

What is main purpose for cellular respiration

A

cells release chemical energy from sugars, to produce ATP in the presence of oxygen

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12
Q

What type of organisms carry out cellular respiration

A

Plants/animals

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13
Q

what does ATP represent

A

Adenosine triphosphate

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14
Q

aerobic
anaerobic

A

aerobic- takes place in the presence of oxygen
anaerobic- takes place in the absence of oxygen

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15
Q

what process is cellular respiration

A

aerobic

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16
Q

1st stage of cellular respiration

A

Glycolysis

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17
Q

where does the first stage of cellular respiration occur

A

cyptoplasm

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18
Q

is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic

A

anaerobic

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19
Q

how many molecules of ATP are produced by glycolysis

A

two molecules of ATP

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20
Q

Where does the majority of cellular respiration occur

A

mitochondria

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21
Q

What another name for the Krebs cycle

A

Citric acid cycle

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22
Q

How many total ATP molecules are produced from cellular respiration

A

38

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23
Q

basic equation for cellular respiration

A

write down

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24
Q

when would human cells turn to fermentation as a source of ATP

A

it can generate ATP quickly for working muscle cells when oxygen is scarce

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25
Q

list three foods that are produced as a result of fermentation

A

breads, cheese, and yogurt

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26
Q

list 4 types of plant tissue

A

dermal, vascular, ground, and merisematic

27
Q

where is dermal tissue found

A

upper dermal layer at the top of the leaf and lower dermal layer at the bottom

28
Q

what is the main function of dermal tissue

A

covers and protects the plant

29
Q

where is ground tissue found

A

takes up most of the inside of a plant

30
Q

what is the main function of ground tissue

A

provides support, stores materials in roots and stems, stores water in cacti

31
Q

describe vascular tissue

A

Networks of hollow tubes
similar to our veins and arteries

32
Q

what is the main function of vascular tissue

A

to transport water and nutrients and carry sugars made during photosynthesis

33
Q

xylem:
phloem:

A

1) transports water and dissolved mineral nutrients
2) carries sugars made during photosynthesis, throughout the plant

34
Q

where can meristematic tissue be found

A

tip of roots and stems

35
Q

what is the main function of meristematic tissue

A

every time the cell divides, one cell remains identical to the parent cell, and the other forms specialized structures ( to divide and produce new cells)

36
Q

name three plant organs

A

roots stems leaves

37
Q

list four functions of roots

A

absorbs nutrients from soil, anchor plant, helps store food and nutrients, and transports water and minerals

38
Q

how do root hairs help plants

A

increase surface area of the root to provided a larger surface to absorb water plus minerals

39
Q

differentiate between a tissue and an organ

A

Tissue-group of cells with similar structures, working together to perform a shared function.
Organ- structures made up of a group of tissues working together to perform a specific function

40
Q

list three functions of stems

A

support, transport materials, anchor plant

41
Q

differentiate between herbaceous and woody stems

A

Herbaceous- produce little to no wood, soft and often green

Woody- usually found in dicots, such as trees and bushes
the oldest part of the xylem is in the center
phloem produced near the outside forms the inner layer of the bark

42
Q

difference between primary growth and secondary growth.

A

Primary- occurs when stems grow taller or roots grow deeper, growth is vertical.

secondary- growth adds to the width of stems and roots. This growth is horizontal.

43
Q

which type of growth is responsible for tree rings

A

secondary

44
Q

what is the significance of a tree ring

A

represents 1 year of growth

45
Q

what is the purpose of the cuticle on a leaf

A

forms a waxy water resistant covering, protects inner tissues

46
Q

what are stomata and were are they located

A

Stromata are openings of the leaves, they are located the underside of the leaf

47
Q

what is transpiration

A

the release of water vapor through the stromata of leaves

48
Q

what allows stomata to open and close

A

guard cells

49
Q

at what time of day are stomata typically closed

A

night

50
Q

what else may cause stomata to close

A

plant cell starts loosing water from transpiration, guard cells deflate and close the stromata.

51
Q

describe one example of a plant that has specific leaf adaptations

A

cacti

52
Q

what is the main function of flowers

A

to attract pollinators

53
Q

why are the petals of the flower often brightly colored

A

to attract pollinators

54
Q

Male flower part:
Female flower part:

A

m)stamen
f) budding fruit

55
Q

what part of a flower produces pollen

A

stamen

56
Q

which part of a flower is a stalk that holds up the anther

A

filament

57
Q

which part of a flower collects pollen

A

stigma

58
Q

which part of a flower is a passageway from the stigma to the ovary

A

pistil

59
Q

which part of a flower contains egg cells

A

ovary

60
Q

which part of a flower protects the flower while its still a bud

A

sepals

61
Q

what occurs during the pollination of a flower

A

pollination occurs when a grain of pollen lands on another flowers stigma

62
Q

what occurs during the fertilization of a flower

A

Fertilization occurs when the sperm unites with the egg cells, the zygote will develop a seed.

63
Q

what occurs during the germination of a seed

A

the embryo will break out of the seed coat and begin to grow into a seedling.

Biology (17 decks)

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