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kine 420 > ch 8 - vitamins > Flashcards

ch 8 - vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

fat soluble vitamins: stored in

A

liver and adipose cells

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2
Q

fat soluble vitamins: transport in blood requires

A

carrier

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3
Q

fat soluble vitamins: ___ protects against deficiencies

A

storage

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4
Q

water soluble vitamins: circulation

A

circulate easily in blood

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5
Q

water soluble vitamins: excess

A

excreted

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6
Q

water soluble vitamins: storage

A

no designated storage site

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7
Q

fat soluble vitamins

A

A D E K

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8
Q

water soluble vitamins

A

B1,2,3,6,12
pantothenic acid
biotin
folate
C

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9
Q

vitamins involved in energy metabolism

A

b complex vitamins

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10
Q

sources of thiamin

A

bread, pasta, rice

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11
Q

sources of riboflavin

A

dairy

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12
Q

niacin

A

chicken, salmon, meat

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13
Q

sources of b6

A

leafy greens, meat, nuts

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14
Q

t or f: Antioxidants─for example vitamins C, E, and A─donate a pair of electrons to the free radical to stabilize it.

A

false

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15
Q

. Antioxidants donate a___ ____to the free radical and then become oxidized

A

single electron

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16
Q

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) or free radicals formed in skeletal muscle cells by aerobic metabolism and from other sources have the potential to

A

damage DNA, cell membranes, and other cellular structures

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17
Q

vitamins involved in red blood cell function

A

b12, folate

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18
Q

vitamin associated anemias

A

pernicious anemia, megaloblastic anemia

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19
Q

vitamin a functions

A

vision, tissue growth and development

20
Q

vitamin d functions

A

bone health, disease prevention

21
Q

effects of food processing

A

nutrient loss, enrichment, fortication

22
Q

thiamin coenzyme

A

TPP/TDP

23
Q

thiamin biochemical pathway

A

decarboxylation of pyruvate and alpha ketoglutarate

24
Q

riboflavin coenzyme

A

FMN, FAD

25
Q

riboflavin biochemical pathway

A

numerous re dox rxns

26
Q

niacin coenzyme

A

NADH/NAD, NADP/NADPH

27
Q

niacin biochemical pathway

A

NAD and NADH transfer electrons in the ETC NADP and NADPH are involved in reduction reactions in many parts of the cell

28
Q

vitamin b6 coenzyme

A

PLP

29
Q

vitamin b6 biochemical pathway

A

needed for amino acid metabolism, including transamination, transferring and removing sulfur, cleavage, and synthesis

30
Q

pantothenic acid coenzyme

A

component of acetyl co A

31
Q

pantothenic acid biochemical pathway

A

critical intermediate compound in energy production

32
Q

t or f: Vitamins are needed for a variety of physical functions, including growth and development, and energy metabolism.

A

true

33
Q

t or f: All water-soluble vitamins are not toxic when consumed in excess and do not have an established tolerable upper limit.

A

false

34
Q

t or f: If energy intake is in excess, vitamin intake is likely to be adequate.

A

false

35
Q

t or f: The B vitamins act as coenzymes in the body.

A

true

36
Q

t or f: All athletes should be screened at the time of their annual physical exam to determine vitamin D status.

A

true

37
Q

t or f: Vitamins play a direct role in energy metabolism.

A

false

38
Q

t or f: Because oxidative stress, or an increase in the production of free radicals, occurs with an increase in exercise intensity and duration, athletes should consume antioxidant supplements.

A

false

39
Q

t or f: Vitamins can be significantly lost though food processing; however, processing can also add vitamins to food.

A

true

40
Q

t or f: Athletes should first determine the amount of vitamins normally obtained from food, and then evaluate if they need to supplement.

A

true

41
Q

t or f: Low caloric intake usually means low vitamin intake from food.

A

true

42
Q

According to the current body of scientific research, what effect does exercise have on an athlete’s vitamin requirements?

A

increases the need slightly but supplementation not necessary

43
Q

The intake of which vitamin is likely to be low in both sedentary and athletic populations?

A

vitamin d

44
Q

The amount of energy (kcal) provided by the B-complex vitamins is:

A

none

45
Q

Which of the following is true regarding athletes and the consumption of an adequate amount of vitamin A from food?

A

Vitamin A intake generally reflects fruit and vegetable intake.

46
Q

High bioavailability refers to a compound that:

A

has a high degree of absorption and utilization.

kine 420 (10 decks)

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