UNIT 1: Anatomy & Physiology of The Eye Flashcards

1
Q

What makes the eye like a Camera?

A

-Automatic focus from one inch to several miles away.
-3D images.
-Control the amount of light to the eye.
-Contrast awareness.
-Transmit a coded message to “computer”.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the parts of the human seeing system?

A

-Two sets of lenses (gather and focus images)
-Two sensing devices (detect light, send signals)
-A brain (interpret signals)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Marginal Blepharitis

A

-Lid margins have build up of bacteria
-Dandruff of eyelids
-Sore, red lids
-Use socially medicated soap to cure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cataracts (Senile)

A

-Most common
-The lens, due to age, becomes opaque and dense.
-There is no cure, only solution is cataract extraction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Causes and Symptoms of Cataracts (Senile)

A

-Increasingly blurred vision and distortion.
-Distance visio0n deteriorates, while near vision may improve due to increased lens convexity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cataracts (Traumatic)

A

-Most commonly caused by a foreign body injury to the lens, or a blunt trauma to the eyeball.
-BB gun frequent cause.
-Other causes: Arrows, sticks, rocks, over exposure to x-rays & radio active waves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cataracts (Traumatic) Continued…

A

-The lens becomes opaque quickly after injury due to entry of aqueous, and sometime vitreous humor into the lens capsule.
-The cataract may be removed at the same time the foreign body is removed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cataract (Congenital)

A

-Often caused if the mother has had maternal rubella (Measles) in the first trimester of pregnancy.
-Parent notices that the child does not see well during first few months of life. The pupil may appear white.
-Should be removed ASAP to avoid amblyopia in both eyes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Types of cataract surgery (Intracapsular Extraction)

A

Removal of the lens in total, capsule and all, though a 140-160 degree limbal incision.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Types of cataract surgery (Extracapsular)

A

A limbal incision is made once more, leaving the posterior capsule behind.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Types of cataract surgery (Phacoemulsification)

A

Lens and capsule fragmented and sucked out by ultrasonic vibrations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Conjunctivitis (Signs and Symptoms)

A

-The most common eye disease in the western hemisphere.
-Redness
-Tearing
-Foreign body sensation
-Scratching, burning
-Sensation of fullness around the eyes
-Itching
-Photophobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Glaucoma

A

-IOP too high, causing too much pressure on the optic nerve.
-Up to 24mm of mercury is normal.
-Approximately 50K people in the USA are blind due to glaucoma.
-Incidence in people over 40 is 1.5%.
-Common in A.A people (15x that of Caucasians)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Glaucoma Continued..

A

-Once detected, we can stop the progression with miotics, however, we cannot repair any damage done.
-The only symptom is impairment of vision, which is too late to correct.
-Hereditary and is checked with tonometry.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Macular Degeneration

A

-Exact cause unknown
-Age related (ARMD)
-Race, Gender, Family History, Smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Amblyopia

A

-Decrease VA of one eye in the absence of organic eye disease.
-Uncorrectable with glasses.
-It is reversible only within a limited time period.
-Most common cause is strabismus.

17
Q

Chalazion/Hordeolum

A

-Chalazion: Inside the lid
-Hordeolum: On the lid
-Sometimes called a stye
-May use a warm compress to treat
-If it persists, go to the doctor to have it cut out in the office, or simply drained.

18
Q

Floaters

A

-Tint deposits, pieces of blood vessel and blood cells.
-The small, oddly-shaped “Floaters” are old pieces of the blood vessel floating around the vitreous humor, which is normally transparent.