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Anaphy_Lec > CELLS AND TISSUES > Flashcards

CELLS AND TISSUES Flashcards

1
Q

the outermost layer of the cell.

A

plasma membrane

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2
Q

what are the 2 regions of phospholipids

A

head region
tail region

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3
Q

the region of phospholipid that is hydrophilic

A

head region

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4
Q

the region of phospholipid that is hydrophobic

A

tail region

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5
Q

this region has the phosphate and glycerol

A

head region

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6
Q

this region has the saturated and unsaturated fatty acid

A

tail region

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7
Q

what do you call this model that allows the membrane to be flexible in a way that they were able to move in a very fluid-like motion

A

fluid mosaic model

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8
Q

this organelle is typically round or oval structure near the center of the cell

A

nucleus

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9
Q

outer part of the nucleus that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm

A

nuclear envelope

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10
Q

part of nucleus that regulates what goes in and out of the cell

A

nuclear pore

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11
Q

a structure in nucleus that is a thread-like structure that is responsible for containing the genetic material of the cell

A

chromatin

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12
Q

the structure in the nucleus where ribosomes and RNA is being produced

A

nucleolus

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13
Q

a gel like structure between the plasma membrane and nucleus

A

cytoplasm

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14
Q

is a finger like projection in the cell/plasma membrane

A

microvilli

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15
Q

this organelle is responsible for increasing the surface area of the cell

A

microvilli

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16
Q

these organelles are dense particles that is responsible for producing proteins

A

ribosomes

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17
Q

this organelle is responsible for transportation of proteins

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

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18
Q

this organelle has no protein production function. it produces steroids and lipids instead

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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19
Q

the only site for drug detoxification

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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20
Q

this organelle is responsible for packaging of proteins

A

golgi apparatus

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21
Q

where majority of cellular respiration or production of ATP occurs

A

mitochondrion

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22
Q

also known as the suicide sac of the cell.

A

lysosome

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23
Q

lysosome releases an enzyme that enables foreign substances to disintegrate. what is the enzyme?

A

hydrolase

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24
Q

this organelle is relatively smaller compared to lysosome that releases oxidase.

A

peroxisome

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25
Q

what does peroxisome releases?

A

oxidase

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26
Q

this organelle is cylindrical shaped structures which direct the mitotic spindle during cellular division

A

centrioles

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27
Q

this is a structure that helps cells maintain their shape and internal organization

A

cytoskeleton

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28
Q

what are the 3 filaments of cytoskeleton

A

microfilament
microtubule
intermediate filaments

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29
Q

this filament is composed of actin proteins which are located in the muscles and responsible for contraction and other types of intracellular movement

A

microfilament

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30
Q

this filament is cylindrical structure made up of tubulin proteins.

A

microtubule

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31
Q

what does tubulin provides

A

structure of the cell (cell shape)

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32
Q

this filament are combinations of different types of protein and are responsible for resisting mechanical stress of the cell

A

intermediate filaments

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33
Q

the cylindrical process of growth and mitosis

A

cell division

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34
Q

what are the 2 types of cell

A

somatic cell
sex cells

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35
Q

these cells are all types of cells in our body except for sex cells

A

somatic cells

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36
Q

how many copies of genes and copies of chromosome does humans have?

A

2 each, it is diploid in humans

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37
Q

this cells are gametes. sperm cell for male and egg cell for female

A

sex cells

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38
Q

sex cells are diploid or haploid?

A

haploid

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39
Q

this type of cell division is good for basic growth, repair and maintenance

A

mitosis

40
Q

a cell division where it divides into 2 that are replicas of each other and have the same number of chromosomes.

A

mitosis

41
Q

a cell division where it divided into 4 cells that have half the number of chromosomes reducing the number of chromosomes by half.

A

meiosis

42
Q

this type of cell division is good for sexual reproduction and provide genetic diversity.

A

meiosis

43
Q

this cell division is considered as a preparatory stage of cell cycle.

A

interphase

44
Q

longest stage in cell cycle.

A

interphase

45
Q

substage of interphase which is also known as the pre-synthesis phase

A

G1 period

46
Q

G1 period occurs for how many hours

A

10 hours

47
Q

substage of interphase which is also known as synthesis phase

A

S period

48
Q

most crucial part of cell division

A

S period

49
Q

S phase occurs for how many hours

A

9 hours

50
Q

substage of interphase which is also known as post synthesis interphase

A

G2 period

51
Q

cellular division occurs for _____ day to complete, ___ hours for interphase, then the remaining hour is for mitosis and cytokinesis

A

whole day, 23 hours

52
Q

this is how somatic or non reproductive cells divide

A

mitosis

53
Q

what are the substages of mitosis

A

prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase

54
Q

2 substage of substage of interphase which is also known as prophase

A

early prophase
late prophase (prometaphasse)

55
Q

responsible for making sure that all other components of cells are intact.

A

checkpoints

56
Q

what are the 4 checkpoints

A

G1/S
Intra S
G2/M
Spindle assembly

57
Q

this tissue covers our body organs and lines the cavities

A

epithelial tissue

58
Q

a type of epithelial tissue that is a single layer of cell only and is flattened

A

simple squamous

59
Q

function of simple squamous

A

diffusion and filtration

60
Q

a type of epithelial tissue that is cube or circular shaped.

A

simple cuboidal

61
Q

function of simple cuboidal

A

secretion and absorption

62
Q

a type of epithelial tissue that is vertically rectangular. it sometimes possesses microvilli. often have goblet cells

A

simple columnar

63
Q

a type of epithelial cells that disperses the mucus and is attached to the basement layer. often have cilia and goblet cells

A

pseudostratified columnar

64
Q

a type of epithelial tissue that has 2 or more layers

A

stratified squamous

65
Q

a type of epithelial tissue that is cube shaped and elongated

A

transitional

66
Q

a type of epithelial tissue that is composed of cells that are specialized to produce and secrete substances

A

glandular epithelium

67
Q

3 types of glandular epithelium

A

merocrine
apocrine
holocrine

68
Q

type of glandular epithelium that secretes substances only with intact cells. ex. salivary glands, pancreas and sweat glands

A

merocrine gland

69
Q

type of glandular epithelium that secretes through pinching off the portion of the cell ex. mammary gland

A

apocrine gland

70
Q

a type of glandular epithelium that detaches from the gland and disintegrating cell and its contents ex. sebaceous glands

A

holocrine gland

71
Q

it is the most abundant tissue type

A

connective tissue

72
Q

this cell is a large, star shaped and produces fibers.

A

fibroblasts

73
Q

also known as wondering cells. important in defense. phagocytic

A

macrophages

74
Q

these cells releases heparin and histamine.

A

mast cells

75
Q

3 specialized connective tissue

A

cartilage
bone
blood

76
Q

this connective tissue are mainly fibroblasts and has fluid to gel like matrix. has collagenous and elastic fibers

A

loose connective tissue

77
Q

this connective tissue cushions a specific body part and also serves as insolation. has adipocytes

A

adipose tissue

78
Q

cell types in the adipose tissue

A

adipocytes

79
Q

this connective tissue is composed of reticular fibers

A

reticular connective tissue

80
Q

this connective tissue is abundant in elastic fibers. also has collagenous fibers and fibroblasts

A

elastic connective tissue

81
Q

solid matrix

A

bone

82
Q

rigid matrix and has poor blood supply

A

cartilage

83
Q

3 types of cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage
elastic cartilage
fibrocartilage

84
Q

this tissue has muscle fibers and is contractile

A

muscle tissue

85
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal
smooth
cardiac

86
Q

this is the neuron cell’s life support center

A

cell body (soma)

87
Q

part of neuron that receives messages from other cells

A

dendrite

88
Q

part of neuron that serves as passageway from the cell body going to another neuron

A

axon

89
Q

part of neuron that covers and protects axons and helps to speed up neuronal impulses

A

myelin sheath

90
Q

part of neuron that is responsible in supporting nerve regeneration and facilitates phagocytosis during nerve damage

A

schwann’s cells

91
Q

part of neuron that shows a constriction in the myelin sheath that facilitate action potential

A

node of ranvier

92
Q

part of neuron that send signals or connect to dendrites to another neuron. this is where messages comes from

A

axon terminals

93
Q

supporting cells of neurons

A

neuroglial cells

94
Q

this tissue is found in the brain and spinal cord, and peripheral nerves

A

nervous tissues

95
Q

basic cells of the nervous tissue

A

neurons

Anaphy_Lec (11 decks)

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