National Decision Making Model

Question 1

What are the elements of the National Decision Model?

Answer 1

At the centre - Code of Ethics

1. Gather information and intelligence
2. Assess Threat, Risk, and Develop Working Strategy
3. Consider powers and Policy
4. Identify options and contingencies
5. Take Action and Review what happened

Question 2

What are the most common barriers to effective decision making?

Answer 2

Assumptions
Overconfidence
Over reliance on gut instinct
Stereotyping
Exaggeration
Stress effects
Lack of knowledge of powers and policy

Question 3

What are some personal strategies to minimise barriers to effective decision making

Answer 3

• Creativity
• Self awareness
• Confidence in your ability
• Knowledge of powers
• Ability to find out
  -Publiic
  -Applying the essence of law

Question 4

What are some organisational strategies to minimise Barriers to Effective Decision Making?

Answer 4

-Support decision makers
-Reward Professional Judgement
-Encourage

Question 5

What are some organisational strategies to minimise Barriers to Effective Decision Making?

Answer 5

-Support decision makers
-Reward Professional Judgement
-Encourage Unconventional Methods
-Promote Continual -Development
-Establish Policy and Processes
Encourage Reflection

Question 6

What is discretion?

Answer 6

-Professional Judgement and action
-Authority to decide and choose
- Selecting the best course of action, having recognised and considered the alternatives

Question 7

How do we show Discretion has been applied Ethically?

Answer 7

-On the spot accountability
-Record keeping
-Briefing and debriefing
-Supervision
-Reviewing decisions and learning lessons
-Continuing professional development

Question 8

Public Authorities have to act compatibly with the Human Rights Act 1998, what does the term ‘legal obligation’ include?

Answer 8

A negative obligation - Requires a public authority to refrain from interference with particular rights e.g ‘do not torture’

A positive obligation - requires a public authority to take action to secure human rights e.g protect the right to life and guarantee rights between individuals

Question 9

Which mnemonic will help your actions keep within the Convention rights.

Answer 9

PLANE - should be considered with any action taken by police officers and certainly as part of any pre planned operation

P - Proportionality - What is proposed is not arbitrary or unfair, the restriction is strictly limited to what is required to achieve the objective

L - Legality - Decisions have to be consistently shown that any authority for infringement (on HR) must have a basis in domestic law which is (IDENTIFIED AND ESTABLISHED)

A - Accountability - Is the measure lawful - in other words, is it permitted by clear and accessible law? Is it necessary and proportionate?

N- Necessity - Is the interference proportionate to the legitimate aim pursued? Is there a pressing social need for the state to infringe the Convention right?

E- Ethical - Is what I am considering consistent with the Code of Ethics? Could I explain my action or decision in public?