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Small animal nursing > Canine Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Canine Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

what family is canine distemper virus from?

A

paramyxovirus family
same family as human measles

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2
Q

what is the order in which the body systems get infected in CDV?

A
  1. respiratory system
  2. GI tract
  3. CNS
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3
Q

what is a common signalment for victims of CDV?

A

young, unvaccinated

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4
Q

what other animals can get CDV?

A

mustelidae and procyonidae
ferrets and raccoons

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5
Q

what are the ways CDV can be transmitted?

A

aerosolized respiratory secretions, fomites, in utero, wildlife

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6
Q

what clinical signs are often seen in patients who have CDV?

A

early signs: fever, anorexia, depression, ropey purulent nasal discharge, conjunctivitis
GI: diarrhea, vomiting, weakness/lethargy
lungs: coughing, sneezing, pneumonia, rhinitis, purulent nasal discharge
CNS: seizures (like chewing gum), muscle twitches, ataxia, hyperesthesia, paresis

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7
Q

what clinical signs are often seen in survivors of CDV?

A

hardening of footpads and nose (hyperkeratosis), enamel hypoplasia (because in most cases a puppy has a fever while enamel is developing)

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8
Q

how can you diagnose CDV?

A

complete blood count (CBC) since CDV causes intracytoplamis inclusions to develop in RBCs, and radiographs to check extent of pneumonia

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9
Q

what is the incubation period of CDV?

A

3-21 days

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10
Q

what treatments and nursing care is used for patients with CDV?

A

IVF, isolation, clean away nasal/ocular discharge, antibiotics so second infection can’t occur

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11
Q

what is the prognosis for CDV?

A

50% morality rate but depends on strain
patients can develop life-long CNS signs that may become fatal

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12
Q

what body systems does CPV infect?

A

GI system and lympathic system

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13
Q

is CPV an enveloped or non-enveloped virus?

A

non-enveloped which makes it very hard to kill when it is in the environment

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14
Q

what is a common signalment for victims of CPV?

A

6-24 week old puppies, non vaccinated

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15
Q

what are the top 3 breeds that are predisposed to CPV?

A

Doberman Pinschers, Rottweilers, and American Pitbull terriers

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16
Q

how is CPV transmitted?

A

fecal-oral, fomites

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17
Q

what is the incubation period of CPV?

A

4-14 days

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18
Q

what are the common clinical signs seen in patients with CPV?

A

diarrhea (profuse, liquid, hemorrhagic, distinct metallic odor), vomiting, anorexia, depression, extreme dehydration, sudden onset lethargy, rapid weight loss

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19
Q

how does CPV travel through the different body systems?

A
  1. virus ingested
  2. lymph nodes
  3. blood circulation
  4. bone marrow
  5. crypt cells in small intestine (kills them which kills off the villi and stops nutrients from being absorbed which causes diarrhea)
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20
Q

how can you diagnose CPV?

A

ELISA test (only works sometimes because it only scans for antigens and the antigens could be dead or inactivated already if the body is fighting), CBC because WBCs decrease

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21
Q

what treatments and nursing care is used for patients with CPV?

A

IVF, anti-emetics, antibiotics, analgesics, isolation, monitor for dehydration and electrolyte imbalances

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22
Q

what is the prognosis for CPV?

A

guarded in severely affected puppies, good for puppies treated promptly

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23
Q

what would you tell the owner of a patient with CPV about?

A

disinfection of their house/wherever the dog has been: bleach 5% sodium hypochlorite at dilation of 1:32 with 10-15 min contact time, isolate puppies if possible until 3 months and vaccinate, CPV is shed <2 weeks after infection

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24
Q

how can you prevent CPV?

A

modified live vaccine at 8, 12, and 16 weeks and can do an additional vaccine at 24 weeks too for predisposed breeds, take caution with puppies until after at least 2 vaccines

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25
Q

what family is CPV from?

A

parvovirus

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26
Q

what family is CAV1 from?

A

adenovirus

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27
Q

what is another name for canine adenovirus?

A

infectious hepatitis

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28
Q

what body systems does CAV1 affect?

A

liver, eyes, endothelium (cells that line blood vessels)

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29
Q

what is a common signalment for victims of CAV1?

A

< 1 year puppies, unvaccinated

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30
Q

what is the incubation period of CAV1?

A

4-9 days

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31
Q

how is CAV1 transmitted?

A

ingest infected urine, feces, saliva or infected respiratory secretions

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32
Q

what is the order of the body systems CAV1 affects?

A
  1. enters through oronasal cavity
  2. viremia (virus in blood circulation)
  3. liver
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33
Q

what are the common clinical signs of CAV1?

A

fever (>104 F), vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, depression, abdominal pain/distention (enlarged), pale/petechia/icteric mm, tonsilitis, sudden death that mimics poisoning, seizures, coma, blue eye

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34
Q

what is blue eye and often does it develop in CAV1 patients?

A

corneal edema that develops in 20% of patients and usually develops 4-6 days after infection

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35
Q

how is CAV1 diagnosed?

A

bloodwork, radiographs, liver biopsy, viral culture

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36
Q

what treatments and nursing care is used for CAV1 patients?

A

IVF, isolation, blood transfusion, antibiotics, frequent feeding, restrict activity, nutritional support

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37
Q

what family is rabies part of?

A

rhabdovirus

38
Q

is rabies zoonotic?

A

yes

39
Q

what body system is affected by rabies?

A

nervous system

40
Q

what is the prognosis for rabies?

A

almost 100% morality rate once clinical signs start showing

41
Q

how is rabies transmitted?

A

infected saliva and can rarely be transmitted through mucous membranes too

42
Q

because rabies can sometimes appear differently depending on the animal what is a good rule for suspecting an animal might have rabies?

A

if the animal has rapidly progressive neurological changes especially if the animal isn’t vaccinated

43
Q

what are the 3 phases of rabies and what clinical signs occur at each phase?

A

phase 1: prodromal phase (2-3 days)- fever, reflex delay, behavior changes, chewing at site of bite, stop eating/drinking, seek solitude
phase 2: furious/aggressive phase (2-4 days after phase 1)- irritability, restlessness, weird bark tone, ataxia, seizures, biting/attacking random objects for no reason, unexpected roaming
phase 3: paralytic/dumb phase (2-4 days after phase 2)- paralysis, seizures, pharyngeal and masseter paralysis, depression, coma, death due to respiratory paralysis

44
Q

how do you diagnose rabies?

A

the only way to diagnose rabies is to do a fluorescent rabies antibody test (FRA) which involves examining the brain tissue after death, intracytoplasmic inclusions called Negri bodies will be present in infected brain tissue

45
Q

how can you prevent rabies?

A

killed virus vaccinations, disinfect environment with bleach 1:32 with contact time of at least 10-15 minutes

46
Q

what treatment is given to animals that are suspected to have rabies?

A

strict 10 day isolation, minimal handling that is only done by trained professionals, signs clearly posted on kennel and outside of room that there is an animal suspected of having rabies, locked runs/cage doors if possible, animal monitored for mood or attitude changes

unvaccinated animals bitten by a known rabid animal must be quarantined for up to 6 months

47
Q

when can an animal start getting their rabies vaccine?

A

in IL animals get their first vaccine at 16 weeks, 1 year after, and then every 3 years

some states start as early as 12 weeks

48
Q

what is the protocol for entering a rabies-free country with an animal?

A

the animal must be quarantined for a minimum of 6 months

49
Q

what type of disease is Leptospirosis?

A

zoonotic bacterial

50
Q

what genus does Leptospirosis belong to?

A

Leptospira

51
Q

what body systems does Leptospirosis affect?

A

the kidneys and then goes to liver

52
Q

what type of weather typically causes an increase in Lepto cases?

A

warm weather

53
Q

what are the CS of Lepto?

A

fever, anorexia, dehydration, vomiting, coagulation defects, enlarged lymph nodes/tonsils, PUPD, change in urine output that typically is excessive early on and then stops completely as the infection gets more severe, lethargy, jaundice, changes in breathing pattern

54
Q

how is Lepto transmitted?

A

infected urine, fomites, infected standing water

55
Q

how many strains of Lepto are there?

A

9 different serovars

56
Q

how do you diagnose Lepto?

A

general biochemistries, CBC, urinalysis, PCR and serology tests

57
Q

what would show up in the different diagnostic tests that would indicate that the animal is infected with Lepto?

A

general biochemistry/CBC: azotemia, elevated AST, ALT, ALKphos, and bilirubin
urinalysis: proteinuria, pyuria, bilirubinuria, isosthenuria
PCR/serology: check for serovars not present in vaccination

58
Q

what treatment is used for Lepto?

A

antibiotics (doxycycline), PPE (goggles), restrict activity, nutritional support

59
Q

how can you prevent Lepto?

A

getting vaccines at 12 weeks old: 2 vaccine series then get revaccinated annually, avoid letting dogs drink from puddles, lakes, ponds, creeks, etc

60
Q

what diseases are included under the Canine Respiratory Disease Complex?

A

Parainfluenza, Bordetella bronchiseptica, influenza, canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV)

61
Q

what type of disease is Parainfluenza?

A

viral

62
Q

what is the most predominant respiratory disease?

A

parainfluenza

63
Q

what are the clinical signs of parainfluenza?

A

coughing, sneezing, low grade fever, lethargy, serous nasal discharge, pneumonia secondary infection

64
Q

how is parainfluenza transmitted?

A

aerosols, direct contact

65
Q

how can parainfluenza be prevented?

A

IN vaccine (can be combined with Bordetella)

66
Q

what is the incubation period for parainfluenza?

A

5-7 days

67
Q

what type of disease is Bordetella bronchiseptica?

A

bacterial

68
Q

what body system does Bordetella bronchiseptica affect?

A

respiratory system
kills tracheal cilia

69
Q

how is Bordetella bronchiseptica transmitted?

A

aerosol and direct contact

70
Q

when is the Bordetella vaccine recommended to pet owners?

A

if their dog will be commingling with other dogs

71
Q

what are the clinical signs of Bordetella bronchiseptica?

A

dry non-productive cough that has a seal like sound, tracheal palpation easily elicits cough
severe form of disease can cause a productive wet cough, anorexia, fever, depression, naso-ocular discharge

72
Q

what is the incubation period of Bordetella bronchiseptica?

A

2-14 days
most don’t show clinical signs until 14 days though

73
Q

how can you prevent Bordetella bronchiseptica?

A

IN or SQ vaccine
IN vaccine: revaccinate yearly
SQ vaccine: 2 vaccine series
buccal: no booster, like IN

74
Q

how long after getting a Bordetella vaccine will the dog have immunity?

A

IN: fastest, 3-5 days
SQ: 7-10 days
buccal: 3-5 days

75
Q

how is Bordetella bronchiseptica treated?

A

antibiotics (doxycycline), cough suppressants, tranquilizers if needed

76
Q

how long will Bordetella symptoms last?

A

until tracheal cilia grow back which takes 3-4 weeks

77
Q

what are the different types of influenza?

A

H3N2: avian origin
H3N8: equine origin (only affects horses)

78
Q

how is influenza transmitted?

A

aerosol, fomites, direct contact

79
Q

what is the incubation period for influenza?

A

2-4 days

80
Q

what are the clinical signs of influenza?

A

thick ropey ocular/nasal discharge, persistent dry hacking cough, fever, lethargy, decreased appetite

81
Q

how is influenza diagnosed?

A

PCR test by nasal swab

82
Q

how is influenza treated?

A

supportive care, antibiotics, NSAIDs, IVF, isolation for at least 21 days if showing clinical signs

83
Q

how can influenza be prevented?

A

vaccines: 2 vaccine series, then revaccinate annually

84
Q

what are the 2 forms of canine coronavirus?

A

canine coronavirus (CCoV) and canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV)

85
Q

what animals can be infected with canine coronavirus?

A

only dogs, any breeds or ages, typically is more severe in young dogs

86
Q

how does canine coronavirus infect the dog?

A

it is a self-limiting virus so the dog will be sick for a few days and then overcome it

87
Q

what is a main clinical sign for each form of canine coronavirus?

A

CCoV: diarrhea
CRCoV: coughing

88
Q

how is canine coronavirus diagnosed?

A

PCR/viral isolation for CCoV
no reliable tests for CRCoV

89
Q

how is canine coronavirus treated?

A

most dogs recover on their own, IVF can be administered if needed, treatment can be given for upper respiratory infection (URI) in CRCoV

90
Q

what is another name for Borellia burgdorferi?

A

lyme disease

91
Q

how is borellia burgdorferi transmitted?

A

vector borne through deer ticks, mice can also carry

92
Q

what is required for a tick to infect a dog with borellia burgdorferi?

A

24 hour attachment to feed off dog

Small animal nursing (11 decks)

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