IV Fluid Selection Flashcards

1
Q

D5W

A

Glucose dissolved in water
Isotonic solution becomes hypotonic in the body

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2
Q

Colloid solutions

A

Contains large proteins and molecules that tend to stay in the vascular space

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3
Q

Crystalloid solutions

A

Contains various concentrations of electrolytes

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4
Q

Hypertonic crystalloid

A

crystalloid solution that has a higher concentration of electrolytes than the body plasma.

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5
Q

Hypotonic crystalloid

A

has a lower concentration of electrolytes than the body plasma.

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6
Q

Intravascular volume

A

Volume of blood contained within the blood cells

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7
Q

IV fluids

A

Chemically prepared solutions that are administered to a patient through the IV site

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8
Q

Isotonic crystalloid

A

Has the same concentration of electrolytes as the body plasma

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9
Q

Lactated ringers

A

isotonic crystalloid solution containing the solutes sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, and sodium lactate, dissolved in sterile water (solvent).

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10
Q

NS

A

Isotonic crystalloid solution
contains 0.9% sodium chloride

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11
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from area of lower dilute concentration to an area of higher concentration

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12
Q

Plasma

A

Fluid surrounding cells in the body

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13
Q

Minimal water input and output of a normal adult

A

1.6 L for both

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14
Q

Average input/output of a normal adult

A

30-35 mL/kg/day (2.4L/day)

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15
Q

Role of IV fluid administration

A

Provide fluid replacement
Administer medications, electrolytes, blood products, or diagnostic reagents
Maintenance/correction of nutritional status

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16
Q

Components of fluid and electrolyte therapy

A

Maintenance and replacement

17
Q

Crystalloid solutions

A

Clear fluids made up of water and electrolyte solutions
Will cross a semi-permeable membrane

18
Q

Colloid solutions

A

Gelatinous solutions containing particles suspended in solution
Will not form a sediment under the influence of gravity and are largely unable to cross a semi-permeable membrane

19
Q

0.45% NS

A

Reserved for sever hyperosmolar states like HHS
May cause a rapid reduction in serum sodium if used in excess or infused too rapidly

20
Q

1.8-10% saline = hypertonic saline

A

Reserved for plasma expansion with colloids
Distributed almost entirely in the ECF and intravascular space
Reserved for high dependency, specialist areas

21
Q

Colloid solution use

A

Leak out of intravascular space when capillary permeability significantly changes (trauma or sepsis)
Regarded as the fold standard for intravascular resuscitation
Cause platelet dysfunction and interfere with fibrinolysis and coagulation factors

22
Q

D5W use

A

Used to maintain water in patients who are NPO
Provides come calories
Predominantly intracellular
Electrolyte free
Common cause of iatrogenic hyponaturemia in a surgical patient

23
Q

Dextrose saline

A

Bit of salt and sugar
Used to replace water losses and post-operatively
Limited applications outside of post-op
Does not commonly cause water or salt overload

24
Q

Maintenance considerations

A

Fewer or high ambient temperatures
Sweating
Humidity

25
Q

Fewer of higher ambient temperatures

A

Water loss increased 100-150 mL/day for every degree above 37C

26
Q

Sweating

A

Consider using a hypotonic solution for fluid replacement

27
Q

Humidity

A

Breathing humid air decreased loss while dry air may increase relative losses