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Module 1 > IM1- Pharm 2 quiz > Flashcards

IM1- Pharm 2 quiz Flashcards

1
Q

What is pharmacokinetics?

A

How a drug moves through the body

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2
Q

What are some questions that should come to mind when thinking in terms of pharmocokinetics?

A
  1. How does the drug get into the body and where does it go?
  2. What does the body do to/with the drug?
  3. How does the body get rid of the drug?
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3
Q

What is the process of a drug through the body?

A
  1. absorption
  2. distribution
  3. metabolism
  4. excretion
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4
Q

True or false: different drugs are metabolized by different organs?

A

True

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5
Q

True or false: the majority of drugs are metabolized by the liver

A

True

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6
Q

Where are the majority of drugs excreted?

A

Kidneys

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7
Q

What is absorption?

A

The movement of a drug from its site of administration into the blood

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8
Q

In pharmacology rate is determines what?

A

How soon a drugs effects will take place

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9
Q

In pharmacology amount determines what?

A

how intense the drugs effects will be

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10
Q

Name 6 factors that affect the process of absorption.

A
  1. Rate of dissolution
  2. surface area
  3. blood flow
  4. Lipid solubility
  5. pH partitioning
  6. Route of administration
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11
Q

True or false: With rate of dissolution the quicker a drug dissolves the slower the effect will be?

A

False

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12
Q

True or false: With surface area the larger the surface area the quicker the drug is absorbed

A

True

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13
Q

True or false: Our body prefer drugs that are lipid soluble because it is easier for them to enter our blood stream.

A

true

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14
Q

What are the two major groups in routes of administration?

A

Enteral (gastrointestinal GI tract)
Parenteral (outside of the GI tract)

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15
Q

Is oral meds considered enteral or parenteral?

A

enteral

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16
Q

Is IV, subQ and IM considered enteral or parenteral?

A

Parenteral

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17
Q

What are the advantages to PO meds?

A
  1. Safer than injections
  2. ideal for self-administration
  3. easy, convenient and inexpensive
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18
Q

What are the disadvantages to PO meds?

A

1.Can cause GI irritation
2. Requires cooperative patient
3. Inactivation
4. Varibility

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19
Q

What are some barriers to absorption with PO meds?

A
  1. Epithelial lining of GI tract
  2. capillary wall
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20
Q

What is the absorption pattern for PO meds?

A

Slow and variable

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21
Q

True or false: no one patient absorbs the drugs the same

A

true

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22
Q

What are some advantages of IV drugs? List 4

A
  1. Rapid onset
  2. Control
  3. permits use of lg fluid volumes
  4. permits use of irritant drugs (chemo drugs)
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23
Q

What are some disadvantages of IV drugs? List 4

A
  1. High cost, difficulty, inconvenience
  2. irreversibility
  3. infection
    4.high risk
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24
Q

What are the barriers of absorption for IV drugs?

A

None goes directly into blood stream

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25
Q

What is the absorption pattern for IV drugs?

A

Instantaneous and complete

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26
Q

What are the advantages of IM and subQ drugs?

A

1.Can be used for poorly soluble drugs
2. Can be used for depot preparations

27
Q

What are depo preparations?

A

One time injection that last over a period of weeks to months

28
Q

What are some disadvantages to IM and subQ drugs?
list 4

A
  1. discomfort
  2. inconvenience
  3. can cause muscle and nerve injury with improper technique
  4. bleeding risk
29
Q

What are the barriers of absorption for IM and SubQ drugs?

A

None

30
Q

What is the absorption pattern for IM and subQ drugs?

A

Water solubility
blood flow

31
Q

When is parenteral administration preferred?

A
  1. emergencies
  2. situations requiring tight control
  3. GI incompatibility
    • destruction of drugs by GI system
    • drugs that would cause GI injury
  4. tx with drugs that cannot cross membranes
  5. condition better treated with long-acting preparation
  6. patients who cannot or will not take oral preparation.
32
Q

True or false: if a patient is having a life threatening issue the best route of administration is the enteral administration

A

False

33
Q

What is distribution?

A

The movement of drugs through the body

34
Q

Review the distribution process on slide 15 on the pharm 2 lecture

A

review

35
Q

What is drug metabolism?

A

The enzymatic alteration of drug structure to a more water-soluble form that can be excreted.

36
Q

What are some special factors/consideration in drug metabolism?

A
  1. age- the very young and very old have a decreased metabolism
  2. first-pass effect- some meds are totally metabolized by the liver the first time they pass through
  3. Nutrional status
  4. competition between drugs. - One drug may commpletely neutralize the other
37
Q

What is excretion?

A

the removal of drugs from the body

38
Q

Drugs and their metabolites can exit the body through…..

A
  1. bile
  2. urine/feces
    3.sweat/saliva
  3. breast milk
  4. expired air
39
Q

What is plasma drug levels?

A

Correlation between the response to a drug and level in plasma

40
Q

What are two important levels in monitorying of drug responses?

A
  1. MEC- Minimum effective concentration
  2. Toxic concentration
41
Q

What is the therapeutic range when monitoring drug responses?

A

Determines whether the drug can be safely given

42
Q

When monitoring drug responses what does drug- half life mean?

A

Determines dosing intervals

43
Q

Define drug half-life

A

Defined as the time required for the percentage of a drug in the body to decrease by 50%.

44
Q

Why is it important to understand a drugs half-life?

A

So we understand how often a patient needs to take a drug

45
Q

When monitoring drug responses what is repeated dosing mean?

A

Determines rate and extent of accumulation

46
Q

In repeated dosing what does peak mean?

A

Highest level of drug in the body–> normally peak of a drug is one to two hours after a dose

47
Q

In repeated dosing what does trough mean?

A

Lowest level of drug in the body–> usually just before the next dose

48
Q

What is a loading dose?

A

Its a higher dose to get blood levels of the drug up then taper to get a maintenance dose or everyday dose. Example is a zpack.

49
Q

What is pharmacodynamics?

A

It is the affect a drug has on the body

50
Q

What is dose-response relationship?

A

Relationship between the size of a an administered dose and the intensity of the response produced

51
Q

True or false: the more drug you give the more affects you should have?

A

True

52
Q

What is ED50

A

Stands for average effective dose. Typically the standard dose we use when starting a patient on a med

53
Q

What is LD50?

A

Lethal dose in 50% of test animals

54
Q

What does the dose-response relationship tell us?

A

It determines

  1. Relative potency- min amount of a drug needed to elicit a response
  2. maximum efficacy- max response a drug can elict
55
Q

Understand the therapeutic index

A

Take time to review slide 28 on the pharm two power point

56
Q

True or false: we want to have a very wide range between the effective dose and the lethal dose?

A

True

57
Q

True or false: The narrower the space between the effective dose and lethal dose the safer the drug?

A

False- the wider the space the safer the drug

58
Q

What does the TI or therapeutic index tell us?

A

Allows us to know how wide of an index we have to work with when administering does of meds.

59
Q

What are three possible drug to drug interactions?

A
  1. Potentiate
  2. inhibit
  3. new response
60
Q

What is potentiate?

A

Intensifies the effects of two or more drugs

61
Q

What is inhibit mean when talking about a drug to drug interaction?

A

reduce the effects

62
Q

What is a new response drug to drug interaction?

A

Effect not seen with single drug alone

63
Q

What does it mean to have an empty stomach?

A

At least 1hr before or 2 hours after a mean

64
Q

What are some drug-food interactions?

A
  1. absorption
  2. drug metabolism
  3. drug toxicity
  4. drug action
  5. timing

Module 1 (20 decks)

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