Week 6 Identifying Potential Sources & Screening Flashcards
Potential Sources & Screening
Discovery :
observational skill
traditional knowledge
ecology
evolutionary relationships
Screening:
In Vitro Screening
In Vivo Screening
Observation
Penicillin - observation of moulds inhiiting bacterial growth predate fleming
Abalone: participants in a cancer trial drank abalone extract and had less cold sores, hemocyanin active molecule.
Traditional Knowledge
also known as enthnopharmacology
is the disocvering of a biological-active moleucule that has been used
also known asmedicines used by ethnic and cultural groups
traditional medicine
restricted to a group that has lived in a region for a long period of time but does not have a sophisticated theoretical framework
emphasises small societies where there is a rapid loss of knowledge and loss of cultural distinctiveness
examples of traditional knowledge
Artemisinin: sweet wormwood in China for treating fever. antimalarial now
Galantamine Snowdrop in balkans for muscle weakness, alzheimer disease
Pilocarpine: jaborandi leaves in brazil to induce sweating now for pupil dilation
Reserpine: indian snakeroot Indian medicine for mental illness, hypotensive now
what is the Nagoya protocol
it is the framework that allows researchers access genetic resources for biotech research,
Flavopiridol
bark of the indian tree Dysoxylum malabaricum traditionally for arthritis found to inhibit tyrosine kinase for inflammation
Issues with ethnopharmacological approach
Reliability of info
Loss of species
loss of knowledge
intellectual property rights
Discovery- Ecology
a species interaction with other species and the physical environment
pool fog posses cationic antimicrobial peptides
Desert plants
ecology
physiological stress: heat, intense sunlight and over 30 anticancer agents id
biological stress has insecticides
evolutionary relationships
Solanaceae family (alkaloids)
Scopolia carniolica, scopolamine
Capsicum annuum, capsaicin
Atropa belladonna, atropine
Nicotiana tabacum, nicotine
Hyoscyamus niger, hyocyamine
Solanum tuberosum, solanine
Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
Also well known for alkaloids
Screening
In Vitro: biological molecules, cells or tissues studied in isolation.
In Vivo: Whole organism within its normal environment
In vitro advantages: reduced cost avoids ethical issues
disadvantages: humans and animals have complex physiology
Methods of Screening InVitro
Antibiotic activity
Broth Dilutio
gradient test
Disk diffusion test
Dengue
is a virus which caused headaches gastro bleeding, and dengue haemorrhagic fever.
flavonoids have been test in vitro for potential to inhibit DENV2 infection
