carboxylic acids and esters Flashcards

1
Q

why do carboxylic acids act as acids

A

because they can donate a proton

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2
Q

what do carboxylic acids undergo reactions with to form esters

A

alcohols

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3
Q

what is the general formula of esters

A

RCOOR

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4
Q

how are esters formed

A

carboxylic acid + alcohol

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5
Q

what does the formation of esters use

A

an acidic catalyst (conc H2SO4)

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6
Q

when an ester is formed from COOH and OH, what is the byproduct

A

water

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7
Q

what does hydrolysis mean

A

breaking bonds using water

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8
Q

acid catalysed hydrolysis

A

-esters can be hydrolysed at room temp using an acidic catalyst

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9
Q

base catalysed hydrolysis

A

REACTION GOES TO COMPLETION
-uses base such as warm, aqueous NaOH
-forms salt (ie sodium ethanoate)
-increases yield as equilibrium shifts to the right
-if COOH is desired product this method may not be appropriate as salt forms instead

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10
Q

uses of esters

A

-solvents
-plasticisers
-perfumes
-flavourings

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11
Q

uses of acid anhydrides

A

-cheaper
-less corrosive
-don’t react with water (aren’t hydrolysed as easily)
-produce a safer side product (COOH)

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