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Human Gross Anatomy > Anterior Abdominal Wall- Exam III > Flashcards

Anterior Abdominal Wall- Exam III Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the abdominal wall layer that is most external

A

skin

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2
Q

The two layers that comprise the skin:

A

epidermis and dermis

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3
Q

Fascia layers that are anterior abdominal wall and do not extend beyond it

A

camper’s fascia & scarpa’s fascia

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4
Q

Fatty layer of loose connective tissue with cutaneous nerves, lymphatics and vessels running through it; where subcutaneous fat is stored

A

Camper’s Fascia

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5
Q

If you gain or lose weight short term the abdominal wall layer that responds to this is:

A

Camper’s Fascia

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6
Q

Fatty Superficial Fascial Layer:

A

Camper’s Fascia

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7
Q

Membraneous layer of superficial fascia in the anterior abdominal wall

A

Scarpa’s Fascia

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8
Q

Scarpa’s fascia is extremely ____ and gets pierced by lymphatics, vessels and nerves

A

thin

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9
Q

In abdominal wall layers, the skeletal muscle is organized into:

A

3 layers

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10
Q

What are the names of the layer of skeletal muscle in the abdominal wall

A

External, internal & innermost

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11
Q

The skeletal muscle layers of the anterior abdominal wall are described as:

A

broad, flat sheets

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12
Q

Connective tissue layer about the thickness of a sheet of paper that lines the entire abdominal cavity just below the skeletal muscle

A

Transversalis fascia

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13
Q

Fat located between the tissue layers of the anterior abdominal wall that does not respond to short term weightloss/gain and is about a fraction of an inch thick

A

extraperitoneal fat

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14
Q

Between camper’s fascia and exztraperitoneal fat, what responds most to weightloss or gain?

A

Camper’s fascia

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15
Q

Deepest layer that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities. It is a thin slippery secreting membrane

A

parietal peritoneum

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16
Q

The parietal peritoneum is there to form a ____ layer for organs to move over in a ____ environment

A

lubricated; frictionless

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17
Q
A
  1. Skin
  2. Camper’s fascia
  3. Scarpa’s Fascia
  4. 3 muscular layers (external, internal, & innermost)
  5. Transversalis fascia
  6. Extraperitoneal fat
  7. Parietal peritoneum
  8. Abdominal organs
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18
Q

All of the antihero abdominal wall layers are considered:

A

body wall layers

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19
Q

Parietal peritoneum is extremely:

A

pain sensitive

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20
Q

The abdominal organs are in contact with _____ and located in a space called ____.

A

parietal peritoneum ; peritoneal cavity

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21
Q
A
  1. Linea alba
  2. Skin
  3. Camper’s fascia
  4. Scarpa’s fascia
  5. Parietal peritoneum
  6. Extraperitoneal fascia
  7. Transversalis fascia
  8. Transversus abdominis muscle
  9. Internal oblique muscle
  10. External oblique muscle
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22
Q

Tendonous ribbon connective tissue structure running from the xyphoid process down to the pubic symphysis; a site of insertion for many anterior abdominal wall muscles

A

Linea Alba

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23
Q

An additional abdominal muscle muscle that doesn’t belong to any of the 3 basic layers that we only see in the abdomen; considered the 4th muscle of the abdomen:

A

Rectus abdominis

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24
Q

Fibers or the rectus abdominis are oriented _____ and run ___ to ___.

A

vertically; inferior to superior

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25
Q

Describe width of rectus abdominis

A

3x wider at top than bottom

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26
Q

Rectus Abdominis origin:

A

pubis

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27
Q

Rectus abdominis insertion: (2)

A

costal cartilages & xiphoid process

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28
Q

How does the rectus abdominis function?

A

flexes abdomen forward (xiphoid process and costal cartilages pulled down toward pubic symphysis)

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29
Q

What is the most important muscle for abdominal flexion?

A

rectus abdominis

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30
Q

On the anterior surface of the rectus abdominis we will see a tendinous insertion of the muscle onto the :

A

overlying connective tissue

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31
Q

The overlying connective tissue envelope of the rectus abdominis that contains the muscle inside of it:

A

rectus sheath

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32
Q

Due to lack of solid structures around the rectus abdominis, it will get some extra mechanical advantage in the form of:

A

4 tendinous insertions

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33
Q

The 4 tendinous insertions of the rectus abdominis connect it to:

A

overlying connective tissue

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34
Q

There is a spatial relationship between the costal margin and the lateral margin of the rectus abdominis that allows us to easily locate:

A

gallbladder

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35
Q

The fibers of the external abdominal oblique run:

A

downward and inward (hands in pockets)

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36
Q

The external abdominal oblique contains a giant flat tendon that is a connective tissue sheath that goes all the way to the midline:

A

aponeurosis

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37
Q

Does the external abdominal oblique muscle itself make it to the midline?

A

No

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38
Q

External abdominal oblique origin:

A

laterally on rib cage

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39
Q

External abdominal oblique insertion of lower fibers:

A

anterior superior iliac spine

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40
Q

In the front of the external abdominal oblique is where the right side and left side muscles attach to each other knitting together to form:

A

linea alba

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41
Q

Describe the lower margin of the external abdominal oblique:

A

free thickened lower margin

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42
Q

Thickened, lower margin of external abdominal oblique:

A

inguinal ligament

43
Q

Where does inguinal ligament span:

A

anterior superior iliac spine down to pubis

44
Q

The internal abdominal oblique is in the same plane as:

A

internal intercostals above

45
Q

The fibers of the internal abdominal oblique are not parallel because the muscle is:

A

fan-shaped

46
Q

Internal abdominal oblique small restricted origin:

A

anterior superior iliac spine

47
Q

The lower fibers of the internal abdominal oblique originate from the deep surface of the:

A

inguinal ligament

48
Q

The internal abdominal oblique contains a _____ as it moves toward the midline

A

aponeurosis

49
Q

The left and right aponeurosis of the internal abdominal oblique will knit together int eh midline and their attachment wills trench the whole lines alba from the _____ to _____.

A

xyphoid process to pubic symphysis

50
Q

The innermost muscle of the anterior abdominal wall:

A

transversus abdominis muscle

51
Q

The transversus abdominis muscle gets its name from the fact that many of its fibers are:

A

horizontal

52
Q

The origin of the transversus abdominis muscle is posterior on the:

A

thoracolumbar fascia

53
Q

Additional fibers of the transversus abdominis muscle have an origin that will come from the: (3)

A

iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine, and inguinal ligament

54
Q

In the transverses abdominis muscle, going toward the midline we will see:

A

an aponeurosis

55
Q

The left and right muscles of the transversus abdominis will meet at the ____ and stretch form the ___ to ____.

A

linea alba; xiphoid process to pubis

56
Q

Describe the lower margin of the transversus abdominis:

A

high arching lower border

57
Q

What lines the abdominal wall in all places where there is overlying abdominal muscle?

A

Trasnversalis fascia

58
Q

The bottom free lower margin of the transversals fascia will correspond with the:

A

overlying inguinal ligament

59
Q

The external abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique, rectus abdominus, trasnversus abdominis and transversales fascia all stop at:

A

inguinal ligament

60
Q

A gap forms below the:

A

inguinal ligament

61
Q

What is not present in the gap below the inguinal ligament?

A

anterior abdominal wall

62
Q

The purpose of the gap below the inguinal ligament with no abdominal wall is for:

A

Ileopsoas, large vessels, & parts of lumbar plexus to pass through to escape body cavity and reach lower limb

63
Q

The aponeurosis for each of there muscular layers, fuse together at the:

A

linea alba

64
Q

The aponeurosis for the 3 muscle layers that are coming around to the front form a connective tissue envelope that contains:

A

the rectus abdominis muscle

65
Q

The connective tissue envelope containing the rectus abdominis muscle

A

rectus sheath

66
Q

Describe the relationship between aponeurosis and rectus abdominis in a general sense:

A

Top 3/4 different from bottom 1/4

67
Q

in the upper 3/4 of the rectus sheath, the external abdominal oblique aponeurosis runs ____ to the rectus abdominis muscle

A

superficial

68
Q

in the upper 3/4 of the rectus sheath, the internal abdominal oblique aponeurosis runs ____ to the rectus abdominis muscle

A

1/2 superficial and 1/2 deep

69
Q

The _____ and ______ aponeurosis combine to form a 1.5 thick layer that runs superficial of the rectus abdominis

A

EAO & IAO (top1/2)

70
Q

in the upper 3/4 of the rectus sheath, the transversus abdominis’ aponeurosis runs ____ to the rectus abdominis muscle

A

Deep

71
Q

The ____ and _____ aponeurosis’ combine to forma. 1.5 layer thick layer that runs deep to the rectus abdominis

A

IAO (bottom 1/2) & transversus abdominis muscle

72
Q

In lower 1/4 of the rectus sheath, all aponeurosis go _____ to the rectus abdominis.

A

superficial

73
Q

What does NOT participate in the rectus sheath and is always deep to everything

A

transversalis fascia

74
Q

The lower margin boundary where the deep half of the rectus abdominis stops; below this boundary we see the transversalis fascia & exztraperitoneal fat

A

arcuate line

75
Q

Motor nerve that supplies intercostal muscles:

A

intercostal nerves

76
Q

Describe the path of the lower intercostal nerves:

A

they extend out of the intercostal spaces and into the anterior abdominal wall

77
Q

Responsible for most of the motor and sensory innervation for the overlying skin of the anterior abdominal wall:

A

intercostal nerves

78
Q

All ventral rami from ____ to _____ will be ____ supply for the anterior abdominal wall skin.

A

T7-L1 ; sensory

79
Q

Sensory innervation of the skin over the anterior abdominal wall is provided by:

A

ventral rami

80
Q

Sensory innervation of the skin over the anterior abdominal wall is provided by ventral rami of the: (3)

A

lower 5 intercostal nerves (T7-11), Subcostal nerve (T12) & iliohypogastric/ileoinguinal nerves (L1)

81
Q

The lower 5 intercostal nerves (T7-11), the subcostal nerve (T12) & the iliohypogastric/ileoinguinal nerves (L1) provide what type of innervation to the anterior abdominal wall and to what structures>?

A

somatic sensory innervation to skin over abdominal wall and somatic motor to anterior abdominal wall muscles

82
Q

Arteries in the rectus sheath run ____ to the muscle

A

deep

83
Q

Epigastric artery that comes down form the rectus abdominis from above and tends to be smaller

A

superior epigastric artery

84
Q

Epigastric artery that comes up to the rectus abdominis from below and tends to be larger

A

inferior epigastric artery

85
Q

Where do the superior and inferior epigastric arteries anastomose?

A

on deep surface of rectus abdominis

86
Q

The superior epigastric artery is a terminal branch of the the:

A

internal thoracic artery

87
Q

The inferior epigastric artery comes from a vessel called the:

A

external iliac artery

88
Q

There is an additional anastomoses between the superior and inferior epigastric arteries and:

A

intercostal arteries

89
Q

For lymphatic drainage we draw an arbitrary line horizontally through the:

A

umbilicus

90
Q

Lymph from skin above the umbilicus (including the back and upper limb) drains into:

A

axillary nodes

91
Q

Lymph from the skin below the umbilicus (including the back, relics, perineum, and lower limb), drains into:

A

superficial inguinal nodes

92
Q

The axially nodes are located:

A

in armpits

93
Q

The inguinal nodes are located:

A

underneath inguinal ligament and above and in front of hip joint

94
Q

The anterior abdominal wall muscles function based on if they are used:

A

unilaterally or bilaterally

95
Q

Flexion of the trunk (bending it forward) occurs when the anterior abdominal muscles are used:

A

Bilaterally

96
Q

Lateral flexion occurs when the anterior abdominal wall muscles are used:

A

unilaterally

97
Q

When lateral flexion occurs, we will flex toward the side that is:

A

actively contracting

98
Q

Rotation or a twisting motion occurs when the anterior abdominal wall muscles are used:

A

unilaterally

99
Q

When twisting or rotation trunk will go toward the side in which the muscles are:

A

active

100
Q

Less obvious functions of anterior abdominal wall muscles are related to:

A

changes in intraabdominal pressure

101
Q

Forceful expiration and coughing and sneezing are due to changes in intraabdomninal pressure that force the viscera toward the:

A

diaphragm

102
Q

Urination & defecation as well as a woman bearing down during labor function due to changes in intraabdomninal pressure that force the viscera:

A

downward toward pelvis

103
Q

Stabilization of the trunk due to strenuous physical effort that is accomplished by drawing air into lungs, closing epiglottis, and stiffening the trunk to make it more rigid is called:

A

Valsalva’s maneuver

Human Gross Anatomy (5 decks)

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