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Gross Anatomy > Extrinsic Back > Flashcards

Extrinsic Back Flashcards

1
Q

Muscle type found in the walls of hollow organs

A

Smooth muscles

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2
Q

Contractions of smooth muscles are _____ movements triggered by impulses from _____ nervous system

A
  • Involuntary
  • Autonomic
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3
Q

Cardiac muscle fibers are made up of cells called:

A

Cardiomyocytes

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4
Q

Function of contraction of cardiac muscle fibers

A

Pumps the heart

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5
Q

Thin connective tissue that wraps around the whole muscle

A

Epimysium

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6
Q

Connective tissue surrounding a fascicle

A

Perimysium

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7
Q

CT surrounding muscle fiber

A

Endomysium

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8
Q

Where muscle attaches to a bone

A

Attachment sites

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9
Q

Attachment site where bone remains immobile during action

A

Origin

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10
Q

Place on the bone that moves during an action

A

Insertion

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11
Q

Muscle that is performing an action

A

Agonist

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12
Q

Muscle that performs opposite action is relaxing

A

Antagonist

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13
Q

Muscle types circular in shape

A

Circular muscles

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14
Q

Circular muscle examples

A
  • Orbicularis oris
  • Orbicularis oculi
  • Sphincters of bowels, bladder
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15
Q

Muscle types wider than the point of insertion

A

Convergent

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16
Q

What does convergent fiber arrangement allow for

A

Maximum force production

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17
Q

What is convergent muscle sometimes called?

A

Triangular muscles

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18
Q

Convergent muscle example

A

Pectoralis major

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19
Q

Muscles which fibers run parallel to each other

A

Parallel

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20
Q

What are parallel muscles also called?

A

Strap

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21
Q

Parallel muscle features

A
  • Long muscles, large movements
  • Lower strength, higher endurance
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22
Q

Parallel muscle example

A

Sartorius

23
Q

Muscle type that is sometime included in parallel muscle group

A

Fusiform

24
Q

Fusiform muscle shape

A

Spindle

25
Q

Muscle belly is wider that origin and insertion

A

Fusiform

26
Q

Fusiform example

A

Biceps brachii

27
Q

Skeletal muscle type defined as a large number of muscle fibers, high strength

A

Pennate

28
Q

Skeletal muscle type in which fibers are arranged to inset in a diagonal direction onto the tendon

A

Unipennate

29
Q

Unipennate examples

A
  • Lumbricals
  • Extenson digitorum longus
30
Q

Skeletal muscle type in which two rows of muscle fibers are facing in opposite directions

A

Bipennate

31
Q

Where do bipennate muscle fibers insert onto?

A

Central tendon

32
Q

Bipennate muscle features

A
  • Greater power
  • Less ROM
33
Q

Bipennate example

A

Rectus femoris

34
Q

Skeletal muscle type in which there are multiple rows of diagonal fibers

A

Multipennate

35
Q

Multipennate example

A

Deltoid

36
Q

Types of muscles by inneravation

A
  • Hypaxial
  • Epaxial
37
Q

Extrinsic back muscles

A

Hypaxial

38
Q

Intrinsic back muscles

A

Epiaxial

39
Q

What are hypaxial muscles innervated by?

A

Ventral rami

40
Q

What are epiaxial muscles innervated by?

A

Dorsal rami

41
Q

Superficial, extrinsic back muscles (hypaxial, ventral rami)

A
  • Trapezius
  • Latissimus dorsi
  • Levator scapulae
  • Rhomboid major
  • Rhomboid minor
42
Q

Intermediate hypaxial back muscles

A
  • Serratus posterior superior
  • Serratus posterior interior
43
Q

Deep/intrinsic epiaxial back muscles

A
  • Erector spinae group
  • Transversospinalis group
  • Others
44
Q

Flat sheet or ribbon of tendon like tissue that anchors a muscle

A

Aponeurosis

45
Q

Purpose of aponeuronsis

A

Takes place of tendon or bone in sheet like muscles having wide area of attachment

46
Q

Thoracolumbar aponeurosis blends laterally with aponeurosis of which muscle?

A

Transversus abdominus muscle in the lumbar region

47
Q

The anterior layer of the thoracolumbar aponeurosis is anterior to:

A

Quadratus lumborum muscle

48
Q

The anterior layer of the thoracolumbar aponeurosis ends where?

A

Medially in TPs of lumbar vertebrae

49
Q

The middle layer of the thoracolumbar aponeurosis is posterior to:

A

Quadratus muscle, attaches to TP

50
Q

The middle layer of the thoracolumbar aponeurosis is anterior to:

A

Intrinsic muscles of the back

51
Q

What does the posterior layer of the thoracolumbar aponeurosis cover?

A

Erector spinae group

52
Q

Where does the thoracolumbar aponeurosis end?

A

Laterally in lumbar by blending with aponeurosis of transverse abdominis muscle

53
Q

Principal actions of the superficial back muscles

A

Motions of the upper limbs

54
Q

Superficial back muscles are innervated by:

A

Ventral rami of spinal nerves, hypaxial

Gross Anatomy (8 decks)

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