Chapter 11 Flashcards
Dispersion Force (London Forces)
- All molecules have dispersion forces.
- Result of fluctuation in electron distribution within molecules or atoms.
- Electrostatic attraction between the partial charges of temporary dipoles.
- Larger electron cloud results in a greater dispersion force.
Dipole-Dipole Forces
- Exist in all polar molecules.
- Positive end of one molecule is attracted to the negative end of a neighboring molecule.
Hydrogen Bonding
Polar molecules containing hydrogen atoms bonded directly to small electronegative (F,O,N).
Requirements:
- Contain F, O, or N
- At least one H bound to F,O, or N
- Contain at least 1 nonbonding pair
Ion-Dipole Forces
Occurs when an ionic compound is mixed with a polar compound (attraction between dipoles and ions)
Vaporization
Transition from liquid to gas.
- Rate of vaporization increases with increasing temperature.
- Rate of vaporization increases with increasing surface area.
- Rate of vaporization increases with decreasing strength of intermolecular forces.
Condensation
Transition from gas to liquid
Heat of Vaporization
The amount of heat required to vaporize one mole of a liquid to a gas.
Crystalline
Atoms/molecules in a solid are arranged in a well-ordered 3D array
Amorphous
Atoms/Molecules have no long-range order
Miscibility
The ability to mix without separating into 2 states
Surface Tension
- Tendency of liquids to minimize their surface area.
- The energy required to increase the surface area by a unit amount.
Viscosity
The resistance of a liquid to flow.
Capillary Action
Results from a combination of cohesive and adhesive forces.
Cohesive Force
The attraction between molecules in a liquid.
Adhesive Forces
The attraction between molecules and the surface of the tube.
