National Identity & Electoral Geography Flashcards

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1
Q

each country has

A

its own unique mixes of national
origin &ethnic groups that help shape national
character

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2
Q

90% people believe

A

treating people equally is very important

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3
Q

88% think real Americans

A

take responsibility for one’s actions

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4
Q

81% think real Americans

A

accept people of different racial

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5
Q

78% think real Americans

A

accept people of different religious backgrounds

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6
Q

25% have nativist values

A

being born in the US & being Christian are essential

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7
Q

electoral geographers

A

study the spatial aspects of electoral voting
systems, voting districts, &election results

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8
Q

electoral system

A

set of procedures used to convert the votes cast in an election into the seats won by a party or candidate

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9
Q

majority

A

number of votes counted towards an individual running must be over
fifty percent

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10
Q

plurality

A

winner takes all, seat is awarded to the individual candidate who receives the most votes in an election

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11
Q

Majority-Plurality Representation AKA

A

geographic representation

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12
Q

seats in the House of Representatives

A

435

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13
Q

electoral college

A

538 (majority 270 to win)

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14
Q

US presidential race is a strict plurality system

A

candidate who gets a plurality of the popular vote in a state gets all that state’s electoral votes.

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15
Q

reapportionment

A

process of allocating legislative seats among voting districts so that each legislator represents approximately the same number of people

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16
Q

redistricting

A

redrawing the boundaries of voting districts usually as a result of population change

17
Q

Supreme Court says

A
  1. Equal population
  2. Contiguous & compact
  3. Respect the boundaries of other administrative units
  4. Responsibility of state & carried out by legislature
18
Q

gerrymandering

A

the practice of manipulating voting district boundaries to give an advantage to a particular political group

19
Q

gerrymandering techniques

A

packing and cracking

20
Q

packing is

A

excess vote

21
Q

cracking is

A

wasted vote

22
Q

packing when

A

opposition supporters are concentrated into a few districts

23
Q

cracking when

A

opposition supporters are spread across many districts but in the minority

24
Q

Austin is gerrymandered

A

each of Austin’s congressional districts essentially has a little slice reaching down into Travis County but is completely swallowed by the surrounding conservative counties (cracking)

25
Q

1980s Amendment to Voting Rights Act

A
  1. prohibited gerrymandering that dilutes minority voting power
  2. circumstances in which it is necessary to create voting districts that concentrate the strength of a specific minority group
26
Q

gerrymandering solutions

A
  1. Independent commissions for redistricting
  2. Voter-determined districts
  3. Commissions should draw districts that maximize the number of representatives for communities of color
27
Q

In Canada

A

race & political issues are more muted

28
Q

no Canadian political parties are

A

attempting to extend the power of the declining white majority with gerrymandering

29
Q

gerrymandering 1960s+

A

illegal in Canada