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PSYC 350 - Midterm 2 > Adulthood > Flashcards

Adulthood Flashcards

1
Q

non-directed masturbation (asexual)

A
  • masturbation without sexual fantasies)
    • More like a tension release, not sexual in nature`
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2
Q

advantage of masturbation

A

Releases endorphins, reduces stress, helps you sleep, no risks of STIs or pregnancy, etc.

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3
Q

how many people have intercourse by 24

A

85% - most in romantic relationships
In contrast to previous generations where intercourse was done almost exclusively in marriage

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4
Q

how often is hooking up = sex

A

34%

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5
Q

issues with hookups

A
  1. Some people think/hope it will lead to romantic relationship (unmet expectations)
    • 65% Women, 45% Men
    • Let down by expectations
  2. 78% coerced sex happens during hookups
  3. Orgasm gap large esp. during hookups
  4. Often occur with alcohol use
    • 30% said they wouldn’t have done it if alcohol had not been a factor
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6
Q

Tasks of Adulthood

A
  • Continued exploration of sexual identity
  • Identify sexual likes and dislikes
  • Develop effective communication
    • Not many people have good role models
    • Challenging task!
  • Being more responsible about sex
    • Contraception, regular testing, have safer sex than adolescence
  • Intimacy
    • Deeper connections, longer-term relationships
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7
Q

serial monogamy

A

two or more long-term relationships before marriage

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8
Q

Living apart together (LAT)

A

living in different residence than partner

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9
Q

why LAT

A
  • “too early”
  • 1/3 prefers to live alone (prioritize kids)
  • felt constrained by lack of income, work, living arrangements.
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10
Q

Long-Distance Relationships

A
  • No differences in relationship or sexual satisfaction
  • No differences in rates of infidelity
    • Incl. extradyadic sexual activity
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11
Q

what predicts success in LTR

A

trust, faith, expect more support, optimistic of future, behaviour maintaining relationship, positive or idealized notion of their partner

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12
Q

WHY do ppl in LDR Report similar satisfaction and stability, as well as sexual satisfaction as individuals in close geographic relationships

A

ppl in LDR engage in more nonsexual and sexual behaviours aimed at maintaining their relationship than close ppl

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13
Q

3 types of celibates:

A
  1. virgins
  2. singles
  3. partnered (in sexless relationships)
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14
Q

Singleism

A

stigmatizing and stereotyping of people who are not in a romantic relationship

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15
Q

Committed relationship ideology

A
  • View that people with a partner are better than those without a partner
  • Idea that committed relationships = most important relationship type compared to others (friendships, etc.)
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16
Q

The “Wedding Ring Effect”

A

When someone is taken = they seem more attractive
- Particularly women who believed men in photos in relationships rated as more attractive than if single EXCEPT with kids

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17
Q

Fear of being single is a predictor of:

A
  • Settling for less in existing relationships
  • This fear also predicts romantic interest in lower quality partners
  • Less likely to initiate relationship breakup
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18
Q

why do heterosexual men live longer married to women

A

women = caretakes (no effect for woemn)

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19
Q

% of ppl cohabitate

A

42%

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20
Q

how many cohabitating marreid within 2 years

A

66%

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21
Q

common law DIFFERENCES FROM MARRIED COUPLES:

A

Division of property (family home)
- Typically end after 4 years (14 for marriage)
60% of people who end them do so before 30
44% have kids
Most common among 20-24yrs

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22
Q

% common law in US

A

6

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23
Q

Women more likely than men to marry WHY

A
  1. provides legal protection
  2. further cements relationship
  3. political fight for quality and public acknowledgement of same-sex couples
  4. being able to use the language of marriage
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24
Q

Interpersonal exchange model of sexual satisfaction–More sexual satisfaction if:

A
  1. Sexual rewards > sexual cost
    • emotional closeness, physical intimacy, fun
    • not having much pleasure, feeling pressured, anxiety, issues in sexual communication
  2. Sexual rewards > sexual costs expected
  3. Equal reward cost ratios
    • If you think partner is getting more rewards than you = bad
  4. Satisfaction with nonsexual relationship
    • General satisfaction with relationship

these 4 components predict satisfaction 3 months later

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25
Q

guess what

A

married ppl more likely to report they masturbate than single ppl

26
Q

how to maintain satisfaction when discrepant in sexual desire

A

sexual communal strength

27
Q

what is sexual communal strength

A
  • Extent motivated to meet partner’s sexual needs without expecting direct reciprocity
  • Tend to engage in sexual activity for positive “approach (goals)” reasons rather than negative “avoidance (goals)” reasons
  • Approach (having fun) vs. avoidance (so my partner will stop bothering me)
  • DOES NOT MEAN you ignore your own needs! Means to put your partner’s needs first
28
Q

do Two-career homes differ in sexual satisfaction

A

no—– No differences in frequency, satisfaction, or desire
- Unsatisfying jobs = more likely to be sexually unsatisfied
- Not number of hours work, but how much you enjoy working! 🙂

29
Q

Sexual infidelity

A

physically arousing contact (e.g., kissing, sexual touching, oral sex)

30
Q

romantic infidelity

A

close affection or intimate connection (e.g., “falling in love”)

31
Q

Four categories of infidelity:

A
  1. Sexual/explicit behaviours – intercourse, oral sex, touching, kissing
  2. Technology/online behaviours - sexting, cybersex, browsing dating profiles
  3. Emotional/affectionate behaviours – sharing secrets, working late, giving/receiving emotional support/dressing to attract
  4. Solitary behaviours – viewing porn, masturbation, finding a celebrity attractive
32
Q

most common behaviours in infidelity

A

Ambiguous behaviours (kissing, touching, watching porn)

Women = emotional affairs
men = sexual

more taboo for women

33
Q

Why do people cheat?

A
  • stronger sexual interest
  • more permissive sexual values
  • lower relationship satisfaction
  • weaker network ties to partner
    • Less mutual friends, connection to family, etc.
  • greater sexual opportunities
    • Travels a lot, etc.
  • BUT → for many people, being faithful in a long-term monogamous relationship takes work
34
Q

Outcomes to infidelity

A
  • Psychological distress for both partners
    • Angry, jealous, sad, disappointed
    • Guilt, shame, depressive symptoms
  • Strongest predictor of relationship breakup and cause of divorce
  • 55% break up immediately
  • 30% try to work it out but eventually break up
  • 15% stay together
    • More likely to stay together if married
35
Q

Stages following affair:

A
  1. Trying to understand what happened
  2. Making a decision to repair relationship or not
  3. Rebuilding if you choose to do so

Can take years to go through these stages (especially first stage)

36
Q

Mate Poaching

A

“Mate poaching occurs when someone forms a romantic and/or sexual relationship with someone who they know is already in an exclusive relationship.”

37
Q

Sociosexual orientation in mate poachign

A

More likely to be unrestricted: more open to uncommitted sex, permissive in attitudes, more likely to pursue personal desires

38
Q

what are poached relationships like

A
  • Tend to start with lower quality than non-poached
  • ~50% report engaging in infidelity
    • 3-2 times higher than non-poached
39
Q

strategies in Monogamy Maintenance

A
  1. Proactive avoidance
    • Limit face-to-face interactions of attractive others
  2. Relationship enhancement
    • Work on enriching current relationship
  3. Derogating the alternative (least common)
    • Focus on unflattering aspects of alternative partner
40
Q

Mate retention tactics: (M vs F)

A

behaviours designed to preserve the relationship

Men: resources display

Women: monopolizing time, punishing threats of infidelity, saying derogatory things about competitor, providing sexual inducements, enhancing their appearance or attractiveness

41
Q

why practice Consensual Non-monogamy (CNM)

A

wanting autonomy over their body
fits best with beliefs and values
creating and maintaining community
exploring sexuality and meeting needs
experiencing personal growth
practical reason related to lifestyle

42
Q

Closed swinging:

A

separate private exchange

43
Q

Open swinging:

A

Open swinging:

44
Q

Soft swinging:

A

watching another couple engage in sexual activity sometimes participating in pre-coital activity

45
Q

Polyamory

A

Loving more than one person

44% have kids in Canada survey, mainly white, more women than men, higher testosterone levels
- Emphasis on long-term commitment with multiple people
- Intentional family, group relationship, group marriage: 3+ ppl

46
Q

Open Relationships % been in one?

A
  • 20% of people have been in one during their lifetime
  • Younger generations have more interest
47
Q

% aged 57-85 sexually active?

A

66%

48
Q

Climacteric

A

period lasting about 15-20 years (age 45-60) when a woman’s body makes the transition from being able to reproduce to not (decline in functioning of the ovaries)

49
Q

Menopause

A

(40-60yrs) = cessation of menstruation (avg. age 51)

50
Q

Perimenopause

A

skipped menstral perios or irregular by more than 7 days

51
Q

Physical symptoms of menopause

A

Vasomotor (more black women: hot flashes, night sweat),

psychosomatic (more white women: tense, irritable, depressed)

Poorer working memory (decreased E)
Changes in levels of sex hormones
Decline in vaginal lubrication and elasticity (higher changes of tearing)
Decline in estrogen → osteoporosis, lower acidity of vagina (more prone to infection)
Decline in progesterone and androgens

52
Q

Treating menopause:

A
  1. hormone therapy
    • E and P = treats vasomotor
    • prevents osteoporosis
    • DONT TAKE BIOIDENTICAL therapy products
  2. medication
    • depression meds
  3. complementary or alternative
    • black cohosh
    • red clover
    • acupuncture
    • herbal medicine
    • spices
  4. seeking advice from family or friends
    • elders
    • physicians
53
Q

do japanese women seek advice during menopause

A

no they believe it normal and so w/e

54
Q

Changes in men with age

A
  • Less testosterone production (andropause) and sperm output
  • Erections occur more slowly
  • Refractory period lengthens
    • Up to 24hrs or more
  • Volume of ejaculate decreases
  • Prostrate enlargement
    • Due to hormonal changes
    • Problems in blocking urination, etc.
55
Q

Two factors are critical for maintaining sexual capacity in old age

A
  1. Good physical and mental health
  2. Regularity of sexual expression (“use it or lose it”)

Study in 45-59
- Men who reported fewer than one orgasm per month = more than TWICE as likely to die

56
Q

Sexual Rewards for men

A
  • feeling comfortable with their partner
  • feeling good about themselves during and after sex
  • having fun during sex
57
Q

sexual rewards for woemn

A
  • treated well by their partner during sex
  • feeling comfortable
  • having sex in the context of a long term relationship
58
Q

what predicts high probability of infidelity

A

higher on narcissism and impulsiveness

59
Q

6 ways to Maintaining a long term relationship

A
  1. good communication and problem-solving
  2. 5 positive for 1 negative interaction
  3. realistic expectations
  4. do not engage in blaming
  5. common view of relationships
  6. feelings of equity
60
Q

Equity Theory

A

People mentally tabulate their inputs to it and what they get out of it (benefits and rewards) and calculate whether or not they are equitable
- If inequitable = distressed
- Putting too much into relationship → let appearance go, not work as hard to earn money, refuse to have sex or contribute to conversation, engaging in extra-relationship sex

61
Q

Optimal sexuality: (6)

A
  1. great lovers are made—not born
  2. developing optimal sexuality required jettisoning normative sex scripts
  3. be less willing to settle
  4. “great sex” takes a lot of time, devotion, and intentionality
  5. exploration and familiarity both have advantages
  6. aging, chronic illness, and disability are not necessarily obstacles to optimal sexuality

PSYC 350 - Midterm 2 (6 decks)

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