science cell series Flashcards
What is the difference between organic and inorganic compounds? Give an example of each. (2)
An organic compound is a compound that contains carbon, such as a protein. An inorganic compound is a compound that doesn’t contain carbon, such as water.
Name, describe, and state why the 4 organic compounds are important. Provide an example of each. (8)
The four organic compounds are proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. Proteins are large molecules that help form the cell membrane and build muscle. Carbohydrates are energy-rich compounds that make up cell walls and membranes. Lipids have the most energy of the four and stores energy that the cell is saving for later. Nucleic acids are large molecules that are either RNA or DNA. An enzyme is a protein, a sugar is a carbohydrate, a fat is a lipid, and DNA is a nucleic acid.
Name and describe the 2 different types of nucleic acids. (2)
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the genetic material that holds information about the organism. DNA is passed from parent to child. RNA, or ribonucleic acid, is important for protein synthesis and can be found in the nucleus or the cytoplasm.
Why is water important? (1)
Water is critical because it is necessary for chemical reactions, keeping the shape and size of cells the same, and stabilizing the internal environment.
What is meant by selectively permeable? (1)
Selectively permeable, in the case of a membrane, means that the membrane only allows certain substances through.
Name and describe the three ways in which substances move into and out of a cell. (3)
Two ways that substances can move through a cell, or through a membrane, is through passive transport. This is where the substance is simply able to pass through the membrane without the use of energy or external help. A molecule does this through one method, diffusion, which is the moving of particles from a higher concentration to a lower concentration, or osmosis, which is diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane. A third way that substances can move through a membrane is through active transport proteins, or ATPs, which is a form of active transport. ATPs sort of pick up a substance and carry them through the membrane.
What is the difference between passive and active transport? (1)
Passive transport doesn’t require energy, but active transport does.
What is engulfing? (1)
Engulfing is another form of active transport, which is where the substance is swallowed/engulfed by another substance, which then moves through the cell membrane.
What is photosynthesis? (1)
Photosynthesis is how a cell uses the sun’s energy to produce food for itself.
Name and describe the two stages of photosynthesis. (2)
First stage is where sun energy is captured in the leaves and other green parts of the plant. Chlorophyll in chloroplasts act like solar panels. Second stage is where light energy is converted into food molecules such as glucose and oxygen for the cell.
What is the photosynthesis equation? (1)
6CO2 + 6H2O ————–> C6H12O6 + 6O2
light energy
What is respiration? (1)
Respiration, for a cell, is a process in which a cell will break down food molecules and release the energy in them.
What is the respiration equation? (1)
C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
Name and describe the two stages of respiration? (2)
The first stage of respiration happens in the cytoplasm, where glucose molecules are broken down. The second stage happens in the mitochondria, where the glucose molecules are further broken down and the energy is released.
Compare photosynthesis and respiration. (1)
In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water are used to make glucose and oxygen. In fermentation, it is the exact opposite, where glucose and oxygen are used to make carbon dioxide and water.
