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WH 2 > hyperandrogenic d/o & PCOS > Flashcards

hyperandrogenic d/o & PCOS Flashcards

1
Q

does PCOS typically have dysmenorrhea?

A

NO

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2
Q

2 most common sx of PCOS?

A

irregular periods (oligomenorrhea)
infertility (anovulation)

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3
Q

4 key physical signs of PCOS?

A

obesity
hirsutism
acne
acanthosis nigricans

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4
Q

what is hirsutism?

A

excess TERMINAL coarse hair in androgen dependent areas (face, chin, neck, btwn boobs, back, lower belly)

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5
Q

what is virilism

A

male secondary sex characteristics in a female
more extensive than hirsutism

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6
Q

what is hyperandrogenism

A

excess androgens in blood or excess acne or hirsutism

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7
Q

what levels should you check with hyperandrogenism?

A

zinc and thyroid levels

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8
Q

causes of PCOS

A

genetics (dad w/ DM2, bro w/ metabolic syn)
insulin resistance

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9
Q

how does insulin resistance cause PCOS?

A

insulin makes ovary overproduce androgens and reduces SHBG production from liver
less SHBG= more free androgen

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10
Q

what is oligoovulation

A

no ovulation
<8 menses/yr
cycles >35 days

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11
Q

risks associated w/ PCOS

A

infertility
AUB
endometrial cancer
T2DM
metabolic syndrome

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12
Q

labs for complications of metabolic syndrome w/ PCOS

A

fasting glucose
insulin & lipid panel
liver enzymes
oral glucose tolerance test

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13
Q

what is the diagnostic criteria for PCOS

A

must have hyperandrogenism & either oligo-ovulation or polycystic ovaries

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14
Q

expected DHEA levels with PCOS

A

it will be elevated

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15
Q

best imaging for PCOS evaluation. what will PCOS look like with imaging?

A

US
string of pearls

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16
Q

what lifestyle changes can help manage PCOS? benefits?

A

wt loss, lower carbs to decrease insulin resistance & improves ovulation

17
Q

which sx does OCP help with PCOS?

A

acne and hirsutism (decreases them)
also helps with infertility

18
Q

how (mechanism) does OCP help PCOS?

A

balances hormones and menstrual ycles

19
Q

how does spironolactone help with PCOS?

A

blocks androgen receptors

20
Q

what symptoms does spironolactone improve?

A

acne and hirsutism

21
Q

effects of spironolactone during pregnancy

A

can cause birth defects in male fetus

22
Q

how does vaniqua cream help PCOS?

A

prevents hair growth by blocking enzymes in follicle

23
Q

how to improve infertility with PCOS

A

OCP then clomiphene or recombinant FSH for ovulation
add metformin
aromatase inhibitors

24
Q

what are aromatase inhibitors?

A

they decrease estrogen feedback to hypothalamus
increase LHRH pulses to pituitary to increase LH and FSH secretion

25
Q

benefits of using metformin with PCOS?

A

improves insulin sensitivity
improves wt loss
improves ovulation and hyperandrogenism

26
Q

what should you keep track of if prescribing metformin for PCOS?

A

follow liver enzymes
annual Vit. B12 level

WH 2 (8 decks)

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