Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHAR110 > Module 6 > Flashcards

Module 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is culture?

A

a set of practices and behaviours defined by customs, habits, language, and geography that groups of individuals share

the accumulated store of shared values, ideas, attitudes, beliefs, norms, understandings, symbols, material products, and practices of a group of people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

True or false: culture is learned and acquired while being made up of material and non-material aspects

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What would be some things that are above the surface in the nature of culture?

A

food, dress, dance, film, sport, games, art, music

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What would be some things that are below the surface in the nature of culture?

A

ideals about how to raise children, justice, logic, work tempo, cleanliness, roles of men and women, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the difference between ethno-centrism and ethno-relativism?

A

ethno-centrism: the idea of “our culture is right”
ethno-relativism: no issues with other cultures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is intercultural sensitivity?

A

our level of awareness of other cultures
-everyone is at a different spot on the continuum
-as ones experience with cultural differences becomes more
sophisticated ones competence with intercultural relations
increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the stages on the intercultural sensitivity continuum?

A

denial
defence
minimization
acceptance
adaptation
intergration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Explain denial.

A

limited contact with people and cultures unlike ourselves
the Other is not viewed as a threat to the dominant group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Explain defence.

A

awareness of the Other but seen as a threat
contact is discouraged
stereotyping common with emphasis on negative aspects
tendency to assert superiority of ones own culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Explain minimization.

A

culture differences are acknowledged but seen as irrelevant
we are tolerant but there is an expectation of assimilation
still ethno-relativism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Explain acceptance.

A

aware of the cultural complexity of others
shift from ethno-centrism to ethno-relativism
cultures seen as different but equal (differences as viewed as interesting, positive, enjoyable, acknowledged, and accepted)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Explain adaptation.

A

consider the perspective of another culture in assessing how to respond to a particular situation
showing empathy and cultural humility
growing awareness of your cultural lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Explain integration.

A

multicultural in one’s worldview
identity is not moored to any one culture
able to move easily and intentionally between different cultural frames of reference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why do we need greater cultural awareness in health care?

A

patient populations are culturally diverse
affects how a person perceives and/or experiences illness
affects who is consulted and how symptoms are reported

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

True or false: care providers often have tons of knowledge of the cultural background of their patients

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What must you understand to provide quality care?

A

how the cultural backgrounds of you and your patient can affect care
ex: western model of disease vs other health care traditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What constitutes cultural competence in health care?

A

to possess the attitudes, knowledge, and skill that support the acquisition and integration of the realities of different cultures into your practice and the profession

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Explain why attitude is important in being an effective practitioner.

A

have a positive attitude toward your own cultural heritage as well as that of your patients
be aware of your personal and professional values and biases

19
Q

Explain why knowledge is important in being an effective practitioner.

A

increase understanding by seeking out various worldviews and explanatory models of disease
increase understanding of how culture can affect the distribution of health disparities, communication, the assuming of roles, etc
become familiar with culturally-specific resources

20
Q

Explain why skills are important in being an effective practitioner.

A

communicate respectfully with ppl of diverse backgrounds
examine and explain an issue from the patients perspective
advocate for your patient based on their needs preferences

21
Q

List off the ways to increase cultural competence.

A

examine your cultural background
assess your level of cultural sensitivity
talk with patients from diverse backgrounds
read about cultural-specific diseases and interventions
immerse yourself in the community
work with patient or community groups
hold staff meetings focused on cultural competence
seek our traditional cultural healers
reach out to religious leaders

22
Q

What are the concerns with reducing cultural awareness to a series of tick boxes?

A

just one of any number of competences required for entry to practice
may be seen as separate from clinical competence

23
Q

What are the two types of cultural humility?

A

intrapersonal:
-an accurate view of oneself culturally, including an awareness of
the limitations of one’s own perspective or ability to understand
another’s background
interpersonal:
-openness to other cultures characterised by respected and lack
of superiority, recognize and accept that other may differ in
beliefs, values, attitudes, and world views

24
Q

Why is effective communication important in pharmacy?

A

patients need to understand how to effectively and safely use their medications

25
Q

What do strong communication skills allow you to do?

A

help you build stronger relationships with your patients
-allows you to gather critical information
-benefits patients to know they are being heard
reduces misunderstanding and conflict with patients and with other care providers

26
Q

What is effective health care communication critical to establishing?

A

trust
informed consent
good decision making
effective self-management of disease

27
Q

What are the three communication process models?

A

ritual
transmission
transaction

28
Q

Explain the ritual model of communication.

A

communication based on “shared” patterns
risk is higher that patient does not express actual experiences
nothing of real consequence communicated

29
Q

Explain the transmission model of communication.

A

focus is on providing information in a singular or one-way direction (data dump)
active patient participation possible; but, not encouraged
-assumed power/knowledge differential
-both sides expect the patient to defer to the pharmacist

30
Q

Explain the transaction model of communication.

A

two-way conversation
information is sent and received in stages by both the pharmacist and patient
feedback and discussion create context for subsequent information sent and received by pharmacist and patient

31
Q

What can complicate communication?

A

patients who are under physical and emotional distress
an overuse of professional jargon and technical language
the patients time with care provider is often rushed and limited
failure of many providers to appreciate the patients pov

32
Q

Why is language a barrier to communication?

A

difficult to establish a rapport with various HCPs
lack of appropriate health information resulting in poor understanding of mediations and potential adverse effects
over reliance on social networks and social media

33
Q

What are the cultural factors which can affect how, and the degree to which, information is exchanged?

A

high vs low context
individualism vs collectivism
emotional expression
touching and space
power distance

34
Q

Differentiate between low-context communication and high-context communication.

A

low-context:
-sender assumes the receiver knows very little and must be
told everything
-receiver expects communication to be as explicit
high-context:
-sender assumes the receiver knows the relevant
situation/circumstance
-receiver quickly understands concerns and messages with
minimum information from the sender
-high context individuals are more concerned with the
emotional quality of an interaction

35
Q

What is the difference between monochronic time and polychronic time?

A

monochronic: emphasis on creating and maintaining
schedules, and being on time
polychronic: values involvement with others versus keeping
appointments and schedules

36
Q

True or false: low context cultures tend to make greater use of silence

A

false
this is high context cultures

37
Q

Differentiate between individualism and collectivism.

A

individualism:
-social pattern in which the person is primarily motivated by
own preferences, needs, rights and desires
-wants of the group are secondary
collectivism:
-the person gives greater priority to the needs of the group
-motivated by group norms and duties

38
Q

What is the importance of emotional expression in information exchange?

A

in some cultures, loud or raised voices indicate tension or aggression while in other cultures it indicates enjoyable conversation among friends
correct interpretation is critical

39
Q

What is the importance of non-verbal communication in information exchange?

A

expressions, touches, and gestures often convey stronger messages than verbal communication
-can re-enforce or contradict the verbal message
appropriate amount of touching based on cultural norms

40
Q

True or false: touch is mostly viewed by patients as a caring gesture

A

true

41
Q

What is the importance of power distance in information exchange?

A

vertical: concentration of power at the top, many with no
power
-tendency to be more formal with deference to authority
-hesitancy to give ones opinion or ask questions of those seen
as authorities
horizontal: power more widely shared with a more egalitarian
view of one another
-less deference and less hesitancy to ask questions

42
Q

What are some cultural issues with communication?

A

lack of knowledge among providers
fear and distrust among patients
stereotyping

43
Q

Which model can help improve communication?

A

LEARN
Listen with empathy and for understanding
Explain your view of the problem to the patient
Acknowledge similarities and differences
Recommend appropriate treatment
Negotiate with the patient over what is possible for them

PHAR110 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions